2 cissp ® Official Study Guide Eighth Edition

 Video Game DRM 
Many video games implement DRM technology that depends on consoles using an active 
internet connection to verify the game license with a cloud-based service. These technolo-
gies, such as Ubisoft’s Uplay, once typically required a constant internet connection to 
facilitate gameplay. If a player lost connection, the game would cease functioning. 
In March 2010, the Uplay system came under a denial-of-service attack and players of 
Uplay-enabled games around the world were unable to play games that previously func-
tioned properly because their consoles were unable to access the Uplay servers. This led to 
public outcry, and Ubisoft later removed the always-on requirement, shifting to a DRM 
approach that only requires an initial activation of the game on the console and then allows 
unrestricted use.
 Document DRM 
Although the most common uses of DRM technology protect entertainment content, orga-
nizations may also use DRM to protect the security of sensitive information stored in PDF 
fi les, offi ce productivity documents, and other formats. Commercial DRM products, such 
as Vitrium and FileOpen, use encryption to protect source content and then enable organi-
zations to carefully control document rights. 
Here are some of the common permissions restricted by document DRM solutions: 
■
Reading a file 
■
Modifying the contents of a file 
■
Removing watermarks from a file 

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Chapter 7 
■
PKI and Cryptographic Applications
■
Downloading/saving a file
■
Printing a file
■
Taking screenshots of file content
DRM solutions allow organizations to control these rights by granting them when 
needed, revoking them when no longer necessary, and even automatically expiring rights 
after a specified period of time.
Networking
The final application of cryptography we’ll explore in this chapter is the use of crypto-
graphic algorithms to provide secure networking services. In the following sections, we’ll 
take a brief look at two methods used to secure communications circuits. We’ll also look at 
IPsec and Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) as well 
as some of the security issues surrounding wireless networking.