2: 00 – It’s two o’clock. 2: 30 – It’s half past two. 2: 05

* O’tgan zamonda birin-ketin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga o’tgan oddiy zamonni ishlatamiz.
First she read the advertisement and then she called the company.
Birinchi u reklamani o’qidi va shundan so’ng kompaniyaga qo’ng’iroq qildi.

Unit 4
Present Perfect Simple – Hozirgi tugallangan oddiy zamon
Bob and Mary have been on holiday for a week.
Bob va Meri bir hafta davomida ta’tilda.
They’ve visited a lot of tropical beaches and they’ve swum in the blue sea.
Ular ko’p tropic sohillarga tashrif buyurishdi va moviy dengizda cho’milishdi.
Have they bought any souvenirs yet? No, they haven’t.
Ular allaqachon estalik sovg’alar olishdimi? Yo’q olishmadi.
Biz “hozirgi tugallangan zamon” ni yordamchi fe’limiz Have/Has yordamida yasaymiz va fe’lning o’tgan sifatdosh shakli bilan. Biz to’g’ri fe’ldan o’tgan sifatdosh yasaganimizda fe’limizga – ed qo’shimchasini qo’shamiz.
Play – played
Biz noto’g’ri fe’ldan o’tgan sifatdoshni boshqacha yasaymiz ya’ni fe’lning shakli o’zgarib ketadi.
See – seen
“Hozirgi tugallangan zamonni” so’roq shaklini yasaganimizda have/has kerakli kishilik olmoshlarining oldiga qo’yiladi va kishilik olmoshidan keyin o’tgan sifatdosh keladi.
Have they read the book? – Ular kitobni o’qishdimi?
Inkor shaklini yasaganimizda have/has dan so’ng not keladi va keyin fe’lning o’tgan sifatdosh shakli keladi.
He has not/hasn’t repaired the TV yet. – U hali televizorni tuzatgani yo’q.
Affirmative=Positive – darak gap
Subject+have/has+verbed/verb3...
Interrogative=question – So’roq gap
Have/has+subject+verbed/verb3…?
Negative – inkor gap
Subject+have not/has not+verbed/verb3…

Short answers- Qisqa javoblar
Has she called her parents? Yes, she has.
U ota-onasiga telefon qildimi? Ha, qildi
Have you + o’tgan sifatdosh…? Yes, I have/No, I haven’t
Yes, we have/No, we haven’t
Has he/she/it + o’tgan sifatdosh…? Yes, he/she/it has
No, he/she/it hasn’t
Have they + o’tgan sifatdosh…? Yes, they have
No, they haven’t