10. Pronoun Demonstrative/Object pronouns. Vocabulary: Countries and nationalities

10.Pronoun (Demonstrative/Object pronouns. Vocabulary: Countries and nationalities.

Countries & Nationalities 3
The word 'Nationality' is not often used in spoken English. It is a formal and official word and it appears more frequently in written English. You will find the word 'Nationality' is used a lot in the travel industry and for immigration. (Nationality- millat so’zi ingliz tili og’zaki nutqida tez-tez uchramaydi. Bu so’z rasmiy so’z bo’lib ko’p hollarda yozma nutqda duch kelinadi. Nationality –millat so’zi ko’proq sayohat sanoatida va immigratsiyalar bilan bo’lgan vaziyatlarda nutqda ishlatiladi.) 3
List of Countries, Nationalities and their Languages 4

My brother will go to the Caucasus this summer. - Mening akam shu yozda Kavkazga boradi.
Men 1986-yil yozini janubda o‘tkizdim. O‘sha yozda yomg‘ir ko‘p yog’di.
I spent the summer of 1986 in the south. We had a lot of rain that summer.
At that moment the door opened and a man entered the room.
Shu payt eshik ochildi va xonaga bir kishi kirdi.
I’m going to call on him at five o’clock. I hope he will come home by that time.
Soat beshda men unikiga bor moqchiman. Umid qilamanki, o‘sha vaqtgacha u uyiga keladi

1. 
   This va that olmoshlaridan keyin ko‘pincha oldin ishlatilgan otni takrorlamaslik uchun one olmoshi ishlatiladi:
   

Will you give me another book? - Menga boshqa kitob bering.
I don’t like this one.-Bunisi menga yoqmadi.
This book is mine, and that one is yours Bu kitob meniki, unisi esa sizniki.

2. 
   Ko‘rsatish olmosh-otlari ham olmosh-sifatlarga o‘xshab this va these yaqindagi buyumlar haqida, that va those uzoqroqdagi buyumlar haqida gapirilganda ishlatiladi:
   

This is my dictionary and that is yours
Bu mening lug‘atim, unisi sizniki.
These are my magazines and those are yours-
Bular mening jurnallarim, ular esa sizniki.
Have you read this? Buni o‘qidingizmi?
I shall take these. Men bularni olaman.

3. 
   Ko‘chirma gapdan oldin this keyin esa that ishlatiladi:
   

This is what she said: «I don’t think he is right».
Mana u nima dedi: «Menimcha u haq emas».
Ammo: «I don’t think he is right». That is what she said.

4. 
   Oldin ishlatilgan ot qayta ishlatilganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatish mumkin bo‘lgan joyda birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot o‘rnida that, ko‘plikdagi ot o‘rnida those ishlatiladi:
   

The price of tin is higher than that of copper (that= the price).
Qalayning bahosi misnikidan balandroq.
At our factory there are a few machines similar to those discribed in this magazine (those = the mahines).
Bizning fabrikamizda bu jurnalda tasvirlangan mashinalarga o‘xshash mashinalar kam.

5. 
   It ham ko‘rsatish olmoshi vazifasida keladi:
   

• 
  Who is there? — U yerda kim bor?
  
• 
  It is Helen. — Bu Helen.
  
• 
  What is this? — Bu nima?
  
• 
  It is a dictionary. — Bu lug‘at.
  

6. 
   Such — shunday olmoshi ham ko‘rsatish olmosh-sifat va olmosh-ot bo‘lib keladi:
   

These are such interesting books. Bular shunday qiziq kitoblar.
Such was the agreement between the two parties
Ikki tomon o‘rtasidagi kelishuv shunday bo‘ldi.

Using This and That
I have a book in my hand. This book is red. I see a book on your desk. That book is blue. This is my book. That is your book.	this book = the book is near me. that book = the book is not near me.
(e) That's her book.	contraction: that is = that’s

(f) This is ("This’s") her book.

In spoken English, this is is usually pronounced as "this’s.” It is not used in writing.

Countries & Nationalities
The word 'Nationality' is not often used in spoken English. It is a formal and official word and it appears more frequently in written English. You will find the word 'Nationality' is used a lot in the travel industry and for immigration. (Nationality- millat so’zi ingliz tili og’zaki nutqida tez-tez uchramaydi. Bu so’z rasmiy so’z bo’lib ko’p hollarda yozma nutqda duch kelinadi. Nationality –millat so’zi ko’proq sayohat sanoatida va immigratsiyalar bilan bo’lgan vaziyatlarda nutqda ishlatiladi.)
We almost never say: What is your nationality?
Biz deyarli ‘Millatingiz nima?’deb so’ramaymiz.
We usually say: Where are you from? OR Where do you come from?
Biz odatda: “Qayerdansiz?” yoki “Kelib chiqishingiz qayerdan; qayerliksiz?” deb savol beramiz.
To tell someone your nationality you DON'T say: My nationality is Uzbek.
Kimgadir siz Men O’zbek millatidanman deb javob bermaysiz.
You say: I'm Uzbek
Siz uning o’rniga: “Men O’zbekman” , deya javob berasiz.

Singular	Plural
Country	Countries
Nationality	Nationalities