1. What is headline?

12. What is a concrete definition in translation?
13. What is a poem?
A poem is a piece of writing, usually using some kind of rhyme scheme or metrical pattern, that expresses a writer’s feelings (or the feelings of a persona). They can tell stories, record memories, express desire, and share information. The best poems are those that tap into the universality of human experience and appeal to a wide variety of readers. While today most poems are written without a set form, below, readers can explore a few formal possibilities. 


There are numerous types of poems that readers may or may not be familiar with. Some are listed below: 

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  Free Verse: lines are unrhymed, and there are no consistent metrical patterns. But, that doesn’t mean it is entirely without structure. Used in modern and contemporary writing and is useful when the writer wants to mimic natural speech patterns. Examples include: ‘Historic Evening’ by Arthur Rimbaud, ‘O Me! O Life!’ by Walt Whitman, and ‘What Are Years’ by Marianne Moore.
  
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  Rhymed Poem: there are many different types of rhyme in poetry, such as end rhyme, internal rhyme, and half-rhyme. They give poems a musical feeling, whether they appear at the end or in the middle of a line.
  

14. What is transliteration?
Transliteration is the process of converting texts from one script to another based on the phonetic similarity. The dictionary meaning says that it is 'writing words or letters in the characters of another alphabet.' This process is only concerned with the pronunciation of the text rather than going into its meaning. Here, the text is displayed in alphabets of different languages but the language, grammar, and sense of original text remain intact in these new characters. 
For example, the Indian name 'দৃষ্টি’ is pronounced as Dr̥ṣṭi. Its’ transliteration into English is 'Drishti.' We write it as ‘дришти' after its' transliteration into Cyrillic text used in the Russian language. 
Here, the syllables or sounds of the words and letters remain the same. The difference lies in the alphabets used, which are different for different languages.
Both translation and transliteration process have a source language and target language. The language of the original text is source language, and the target language is the language in which the original text is to be translated or transliterated. Both these processes are similar when it comes to using the script of the target language. But they differ in the aspect of meaning and context of translated and transliterated texts.