1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

4.Find aset of words not belonging to the same thematic group

Apple-read-snow.

5.Define proper and derivational compounds.

Proper: snow-storm, payday, backbone

Derivational: one-eyed, school-boyishness, oval-faced, paper-wrapped

12-VARIANT

1.THE stem and its types

The stem is a part of the word which remains unchanged throughout its paradigm. In the word foems “talk, talks, talked, talking” we can receive the stem “talk”. The stem which comes in the paradigm boy, boys, boy’s, boys’ is boy. In “teacher”, “teacher’s”, “teachers”, “teachers” the stem is “teacher”. There are three structural types of stems: simple, derived and compound. A simple stem is a part of the word which is identical wich a root morpheme and to which the grammatical elements are added. Ex. book, tram, teach, table, girl, boy. A derived stem is cush a stem which can be divided into a root and an affix: girlish, agreement, acceptable, teacher. But derived stems are not always polymorphimic. Ex. The stem of the verb “to fish” though it has no affix in its structure it should be considered to be a derived stem as it is felt by the native speaker as more complex and semantically dependant on the simple stem of the noun ‘‘fish”. Compound stems are stems which consist of two or more stems Ex. match-box, paint-box, bookcade, doorhandle etc.

2.Componential analysis of words

The term “componential analysis” was first used by W.Goodenough. (“Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning”, Language, 1956, 32, 1) and F. Lounsbury (“ A Semantic Analysis of the Pawnee Kinship Usuage”, Language, 1956, 32,1). Words have meanings and the smallest units of meaning are called sememes or components of meaning. The word “woman” has the following components of meaning “human”, “female”, “adult”,

human human

girl female woman female

young adult

The component “young” distinguishes the word “girl” from “woman”.

human human

girl female boy male

young young

Here the component “male” distinguishes the word “boy” from “girl”.

Componential analysis deals with meanings. Different meanings of polysemantic words have different componential structure. Ex. the comporision of two meanings of the word “boy”.

human human

a male child male 2. a male servant male

young up to the any age

age 17 or 18