1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims

Is. Features –1)synt unit (word-g., sentence), 2)types of syntactic connections, relations, processes, 3) functions performed by different parts of speech.
allomorphic feat: 1) in the existence of various qualitative and quantitative differences in some paradigmatic classes of word-groups and sentences; 2) in some types of word-groups; 3) in the unequal representation of different means of syntactic connection; 4) in the existence of different ways of expressing predication; 5) in the difference in the structural forms of some English parts of the sentence; 6) in the means of joining some subordinate clauses to the main/principal clause, etc.


55. Paradigmatic (morphological) classes of word-groups(WG) in the languages compared.
1) Substantival the mainly attribute adjuncts may be in pre-/postposition to the noun head. For ex: boy secrets, чудові дні. Only in Eng: NprepVger(books for reading), NOnly in Ukr: I2)Verbal: to love her, щиро любити. Only in Eng: V- sit reading, to like reading/being read; Vinf prepN(to wait for Ann to read); Vinf prepN’sVger(to rely on Bob’s reading the article) Only in Ukr: V3) Adjectival (so very unusual, аж надто важкий) Eng: A(worth reading/being read); A (worth reading the book); AprepN(I)Vger (proud of his having been invited) Ukr: fre location of most of adjectival & complements adjuncts(дуже радий-радий дуже) Ukr head adj express the morph cat of №, case & gender(гарний зовні, гарна зовні) 4)Pronominal(we all, щось нове) Ukr: considerably free position of pron wg within the pattern(щось нове-нове щось; Ukr pronouns are declinable (ми всі-нас усіх) Common: the heads- indef, negat, deonstr pronouns; adjuncts – pronouns, prepos nouns, adj, adjectival word-groups. 5)Numerical (the first to answer, перші з грамот)Only Ukr: QIn Both lang-s: ability to become extended (the first man to come-the 1^st man to come here; перше бажання виграти - перше бажання виграти там) 6)Adverbial (here & there; так і сяк) Components are usually fixed in both lang-s(but in Ukr may be: далеко звідси-звідси далеко). Head - adv/adv phrase; adjunct – adv/adv phrase used in pre- & in postposition to the head adverb. 7)Statival (легко на душі, horribly afraid) Eng statives have few direct lexical equivalents in Ukr & vice versa. Only in Eng: gerundial copmplements (afraid of being sent away); fixed position in ashamed/afraid of smth, but soon asleep. Urk: placement is free(йому добре туту-тут йому добре); Ukr statives are identified at the syntactic level(він живе добре- adverb; Коту там добре-stative)