1. The Subject matter of Text linguistics

5. Artistic text
Artistic text - Functional styles of speech - a historically established system of speech means used in a particular area of human communication; a kind of literary language that performs a specific function in communication. There are 5 functional styles.
TEXT is one of the key concepts of the humanitarian culture of the 20th century, which is used in semiotics, structural linguistics, philology, text philosophy, structural and generative poetics. T. is a sequence of meaningful statements that convey information, ... ...

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ОПРЕДЕЛИТЬ ЯЗЫК

РУССКИЙ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ

УЗБЕКСКИЙ

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ

УЗБЕКСКИЙ

РУССКИЙ
Исходный текст

Общение через художественный текст — Вид знаковой деятельности (коммуникации) между коммуникантами, к рые, в отличие от ситуации реального диалога, разделены пространством и временем, т. е., по выражению К. Бюлера, не находятся в «единой системе координат ориентации субъекта».… … Психология общения. Энциклопедический словарь

ТЕКСТ — одно из ключевых понятий гуманитарной культуры ХХ в., применяющееся в семиотике, структурной лингвистике, филологии, философии текста, структурной и генеративной поэтике. Т. это последовательность осмысленных высказываний, передающих информацию,… … Энциклопедия культурологии

Текст — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Текст (значения). Пример текста Текст (от лат. textus «ткань; сплетение, связь, сочетание») в общем плане связная и полная последов … Википедия

текст — (от лат. textus ткань, соединение) 1) последовательность предложений, слов (в семиотике знаков), построенная согласно правилам данного языка (знаковой системы) и образующая сообщение; 2) словесное произведение; в художественной литературе… …

Obshcheniye cherez khudozhestvennyy tekst — Vid znakovoy deyatel'nosti (kommunikatsii) mezhdu kommunikantami, k ryye, v otlichiye ot situatsii real'nogo dialoga, razdeleny prostranstvom i vremenem, t. ye., po vyrazheniyu K. Byulera, ne nakhodyatsya v «yedinoy sisteme koordinat oriyentatsii sub"yekta».… … Psikhologiya obshcheniya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' TEKST — odno iz klyuchevykh ponyatiy gumanitarnoy kul'tury KHKH v., primenyayushcheyesya v semiotike, strukturnoy lingvistike, filologii, filosofii teksta, strukturnoy i generativnoy poetike. T. eto posledovatel'nost' osmyslennykh vyskazyvaniy, peredayushchikh informatsiyu,… … Entsiklopediya kul'turologii Tekst — U etogo termina sushchestvuyut i drugiye znacheniya, sm. Tekst (znacheniya). Primer teksta Tekst (ot lat. textus «tkan'; spleteniye, svyaz', sochetaniye») v obshchem plane svyaznaya i polnaya posledov … Vikipediya tekst — (ot lat. textus tkan', soyedineniye) 1) posledovatel'nost' predlozheniy, slov (v semiotike znakov), postroyennaya soglasno pravilam dannogo yazyka (znakovoy sistemy) i obrazuyushchaya soobshcheniye; 2) slovesnoye proizvedeniye; v khudozhestvennoy literature… …
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Communication through a literary text - A type of sign activity (communication) between communicants, which, unlike the situation of a real dialogue, are separated by space and time, i.e., according to K. Buhler, they are not in the "single system of coordinates of the subject's orientation" .…
TEXT is one of the key concepts of the humanitarian culture of the 20th century, which is used in semiotics, structural linguistics, philology, text philosophy, structural and generative poetics. T. is a sequence of meaningful statements that convey information, ... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies
Text - This term has other meanings, see Text (disambiguation). Text example Text (from Latin textus “fabric; plexus, connection, combination”) is generally coherent and full of succession ... Wikipedia
Text - (from lat. textus fabric, connection) 1) a sequence of sentences, words (in the semiotics of signs), built according to the rules of a given language (sign system) and forming a message; 2) verbal work; in fiction...
Ontology is the doctrine of being, which is one of its basic components in the system of philosophy; a branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental principles of the structure of being, its beginnings, essential forms, properties and categorical distributions.
Ontology is the doctrine of being (see Genesis), which is one of its basic components in the system of philosophy. As a branch of philosophy (see Philosophy), ontology studies the fundamental principles of the structure of being, its beginnings, essential forms, properties, and categorical distributions. The subject of ontology is the being itself or being as such (regardless of the subject and his activity), the content of which is revealed in such categories as something and nothing, possible and impossible, definite and indefinite, quantity and measure, quality, order and truth, as well as in the concepts of space, time, movement, form, formation, origin, transition and a number of others.

The term "Ontology" was first introduced by R. Goklenius ("Philosophical Lexicon", 1613) and in parallel by I. Clauberg, who used it under the name "ontosophy" as an equivalent to the concept of "metaphysics" ("Metaphysika de ente, quae rectus Ontosophia", 1656 ). Further, the concept of "ontology" was consolidated and significantly expanded in the philosophical works of Chr. von Wolf ("First Metaphysics, or Ontology", 1730, and others), in which he outlined the doctrine of ontology as a fundamental section of metaphysics (metaphysica generalis), which, along with cosmology, theology and psychology (metaphysica specialis), is its main content . The spread of the term "ontology" was facilitated by the widespread teachings of Chr. von Wolf in mainland Europe in the 18th century.

In classical philosophy, ontology is a set of universal definitions of being, characterizing it regardless of the activities of people, their knowledge and thinking. Ontology turns out to be a kind of picture of reality that determines the position of a person in the world, the orientation of particular types of activity and cognition, the functions and limitations of individual sciences.
An ontology of this type is, as it were, built on top of all philosophical and scientific knowledge, claiming to generalize both, to unite various representations of being in a system of categories. By the middle of the 19th century, the limitations of the ontology of the traditional type were revealed with sufficient clarity, claiming to be a metaphysical generalization of the laws of being, but closed, in fact, to the knowledge of previously unknown areas of reality, unable to use specific tools of scientific and cognitive activity, neglecting numerous forms of human practice and schemes.
Interactions of real individuals with each other. The crisis of classical ontology reveals in philosophy the absence of clear ideas about the emergence of definitions of being from activity, about the dependence of these definitions on social, cultural, historical and other conditions. Therefore, a dilemma arises: either human cognition abandons the ontology of the traditional type and is further based on the development of a set of specific scientific disciplines, on the methodology they develop, on the pictures of reality they create; or the possibility of constructing a new type of ontology is used, which is formed around the definitions of human existence, taking into account the projections of human experience on the world, based on them in the interpretation of various aspects and relationships of being. This situation actually indicated the prerequisites of ontology, its dependence on culturally conditioned forms of social existence. Therefore, in modern non-classical philosophy, ontology is understood as the interpretation of ways of being with an unfixed status.

In the system of scientific disciplines (see Science), ontology is understood as the organization of a certain subject area of ​​knowledge, presented in the form of a conceptual scheme, which consists of a data structure containing a set of objects of their classes, links between them and rules adopted in this area. The ontological analysis of the subject area of ​​a particular field of knowledge, scientific discipline or research program is aimed at identifying the objective status of the ideal objects and theoretical constructs they create. Ontology as the identification and description of subject areas involved in the orbit of human life is opposed to ontics, that is, the speculative construction of being as such and its moments, to which existence is attributed, although they exist regardless of any acts of empirical and theoretical knowledge, any phenomena of consciousness.

In the system of methodological knowledge (see Methodology), ontology is understood as a fundamental form of expressing objectivity within the framework of a particular mental activity. An ontological representation is such a representation generated by mental activity (that is, in the broad sense of “knowledge”) about an object, which at the same time is used not as knowledge, but as the object itself, the object “as such”, outside and independently of any mental activity. . In this sense, in relation to this or that thought activity as a system-structural integrity, ontology performs the function of reality, the projection of thought activity onto the “logical plane” of reality.
Gnoseology, or the doctrine of cognition, is a branch of philosophy that studies the possibilities of human cognition of the world, the structure of cognitive activity, the forms of knowledge in its relation to reality, the criteria for the truth and reliability of knowledge, its nature and boundaries.
Being a philosophical discipline, epistemology explores the essence of a person's cognitive attitude to the world, its initial and universal foundations, considering them in the context of human existence. Epistemology played a leading role in the development of philosophy, as it substantiated and evaluated various characteristics of being, definitions of nature, society and man, norms and criteria of scientific knowledge. Due to the fact that cognition was traditionally considered the most important component of human activity (see Activity), and cognitive activity was highly valued in culture (see Culture), epistemology acted as a starting point for explaining the structures and connections of human existence, setting value orientations for others sections of philosophy, and then for the sciences separated from philosophy. Modern epistemology relies on the data of special [cognitive] sciences about knowledge and cognition, interacts with them, is stimulated by the problems considered in them, without losing at the same time its specificity of philosophical discipline, which inscribes the phenomenon of cognition and knowledge into the general context of human existence in the world.

Since the specificity of philosophy as a form of worldview consciousness lies in a rational-reflexive approach to its subject, the analysis of a person’s ability to adequately cognize the world and navigate in it, to realize one’s place and purpose in this world acts as a necessary prerequisite for a sufficiently developed philosophical thought. The comprehension of ontological, anthropological, ethical and other problems in philosophy necessarily involves reflection on the methods and possibilities of such comprehension, that is, the movement of thought in the subject worldview content of philosophy includes a reflexive “measurement”, an analysis of the ways and possibilities of setting, considering and solving the corresponding philosophical problems. Thus, epistemological problems are objectively present in any philosophical thinking. The reflexive separation of this problem in its “pure form” (what is knowledge and cognition, what are its forms, how adequate it is in relation to its subject, and so on) from the subject content of philosophy and constitutes the theory of knowledge as a special philosophical discipline, which is already taking place for a very long time. high level of differentiation of philosophical knowledge. In this sense, it would be incorrect to consider the formation of epistemology as the result of a certain extrapolation of philosophical thought to the sphere of knowledge, by analogy with its extension to nature, society, and in general any area of ​​reality.

The content of the doctrine of cognition is immanent to the philosophical and ideological consciousness, concentrating on the universal, "ultimate" questions of the relationship between man and the world. It arises within this problematic, which is its specificity in comparison with special-scientific cognitive disciplines. This organic connection between the problems of epistemology and the original worldview problems of philosophy doomed to failure attempts in the conditions of the attack of science on the subject content of philosophy to “save” the latter by reducing it to the study of knowledge and cognition, that is, to epistemology itself. Such attempts are obviously untenable, because, being torn out of the philosophical and ideological context; epistemology loses its subject and is replaced by special-scientific cognitive disciplines.