1. Linuxga kirish

1.Linuxga kirish
1.Linux – bu nima ?
.Operatsion tizim – bu nima ?
2.Linux – bu nima
3.Linux tarixi
4.Asosiy terminlar
5.Ajablanarli Linux statistikasi
7.Linux afzalliklari

2.Linux oilalari va Linux oilalarining qisqacha xususiyatlari
1.Linux oilasi(distribution) rasmlari
2.Debian oilasi rasmlari
3.Redhat oilasi rasmlari
4.Linuxdagi ba’zi tushunchalar (package manager , Mirror , Repository)
5.Debian va Redhat oilalari farqlari
6.Serverlar (haqiqiy serverni sochib yig’ib ko’rsataman)
3.Linuxni o’rnatish.(Windows and Linux)
1.Web-sitedan Debian iso faylini yuklash (Debian.org) ( https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-cd/debian-11.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso )
2.Linuxni Virtual boxda o’rnatish (Web-sayt,driver) (https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads )

• 
  whoami
  
• 
  ip a
  
• 
  shutdown now, shutdown
  
• 
  reboot now , reboot
  
• 
  su -
  
• 
  pwd (print working directory)
  
• 
  su
  

4.Haqiqiy serverda o.t.ni o’rnatish.

3.Fleshkaga rufus orqali sistemani yozish (MBR,GPT) (download rufus)

4.Real serverda OS ni o’rnatish
5.Linux fayl tizimi ierarxiyasi
1.Useful commands

• 
  ping 8.8.8.8
  
• 
  dhclient –r
  
• 
  dhclient
  
• 
  apt update
  
• 
  apt install tree (fayl sistemani o’rganish uchun)
  
• 
  apt install sudo (super user sifatida commandlarni kirgizish uchun)
  
• 
  tree / (ildizdan boshlab hamma narsani ko’rsatish)
  
• 
  command option
  
• 
  tree –L 1 /
  
• 
  pwd
  
• 
  cd /etc ( change directory )
  
• 
  cd .. ( turgan joydan ortga qaytish)
  
• 
  cd - ( 1 ta oldin ishlab turgan directoryga birdan qaytish)
  

2. Ro’yxatlarni ko’rish

• 
  ls /
  /
  
• 
  ls –L 1 /
  
• 
  ls –l / (long – uzun ro’yhat)
  
• 
  ls –lh / (long , human odam o’qisa bo’ladigan holatda ko’rsatadi)
  
• 
  ls –a ~ (all – barcha fayllarni ko’rsatish yashirilganlari bilan qo’shib)
  
• 
  ~ (home papkani bildiradi)
  
• 
  ls ~ (homedagi barcha papkani ko’rsatadi)
  
• 
  ls /etc = cd /etc ; ls (bular teng kuchli)
  

6-lesson.Fayl va papkalar bilan ishlash.

3. Papka (directory) yaratish

(make directory)

• 
  mkdir /
  /dir1 (1-yo’lini ko’rsatamiz ,keyin, directory nomi)
  
• 
  mkdir dir1 (turgan joyda directory yaratish)
  
• 
  mkdir dir10 dir20 dir30 dir40 (1 ta joyda 4 ta directoryni bitta command orqali yaratish)
  
• 
  mkdir /
  /dir1 /
  /dir2 (har xil directoryni har xil joyda yaratish)
  
• 
  mkdir –p /
  /dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4 (ichma-ich directory yaratish)
  

4. Fayl yaratish

• 
  touch file (turgan joyda file yaratish)
  
• 
  touch /
  /file (fayl sistemani yo’li orqali papka yaratish)
  
• 
  touch file1 file2 file3 (turgan joyda 1 ta command orqali bir nechta file yaratish)
  
• 
  touch /
  /file1 /
  /file2 (har xil fayllarni har xil joyda yaratish)
  

5. Papka (directory)ni o’chirish.
Remove directory.

• 
  rmdir dir1 (turgan joydagi bo’sh directoryni o’chirish)
  
• 
  rmdir /
  /dir1 (to’liq yo’lni ko’rsatish orqali bo’sh directoryni o’chirish)
  
• 
  rm –r /
  /dir1 (ichma-ich directoryni o’chirish) (r = recursive)
  
• 
  rm –rf /
  /dir1 (directoryni majburlab o’chirish) (f = force)
  
• 
  rm –ri /
  /dir1 (ogohlantirish olish orqali directoryni o’chirish)
  

6. Faylni o’chirish

• 
  rm file (turgan joydagi faylni o’chirish)
  
• 
  rm /
  /file (to’liq yo’lni ko’rsatish orqali faylni o’chirish)
  
• 
  rm –f /
  /file2 (faylni majburlab o’chirish) (f = force)
  
• 
  rm –i /
  /file3 (ogohlantirish olish orqali faylni o’chirish) ( i = interactive)
  

7. Fayl va papkalarni nusxalash
(copy)

• 
  cp file1 file2 (turgan directorydagi file1 ni file2 ga nusxalash)
  
• 
  cp /
  /file1 /
  /file2
  
• 
  cp –r /
  /dir1 /
  /dir2 (directory ni ko’chirish)
  
• 
  cp –rif /
  /dir1 /
  /dir2
  
• 
  

8. Fayl va papkani ko’chirish
(move)

• 
  mv file1 file2
  
• 
  mv –i file1 file2
  
• 
  mv /
  /file1 /
  /file2
  
• 
  mv /
  /dir1 /
  /dir2