1. Lexicography

Functional linguistics is an approach to the study of language characterized by taking systematically into account the speaker's and the hearer's side, and the communicative needs of the speaker and of the given language community.

49.Ethnolect	The term was first used to describe the monolingual English of descendants of European immigrants in Buffalo, New York.^[4] The term ethnolect in North American sociolinguistics has traditionally been used to describe the English of ethnic immigrant groups from non-English speaking locales. Linguistically, the ethnolect is marked by substrate influence from the L1, a result of the transition from bilingualism to English monolingualism	an ethnolect is generally defined as a language variety that mark speakers as members of ethnic groups who originally used another language or distinctive variety.
50.Metaphor	The English word metaphor derives from the 16th-century Old French word métaphore, which comes from the Latin metaphora, "carrying over", and in turn from the Greek μεταφορά (metaphorá), "transference (of ownership)",^[6] from μεταφέρω (metapherō), "to carry over", "to transfer"^[7] and that from μετά (meta), "behind", "along with", "across"^[8] + φέρω (pherō), "to bear", "to carry".^[9]	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in drowning in money)