1. Flipped Instruction Description

81. Brainstorming
Definition
Brainstorming involves asking students to come up with their initial thoughts on an issue. The thoughts do not have to be refined or correct. Instead, the students should use the brainstorming time to get their mind flowing and discussion started. Usually, this activity takes place using flip chart / butcher’s paper.
Benefits

• 
  A good way to start discussion among students, especially if they don’t know each other well or are shy.
  

Challenges

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  The students may need to assign some roles to group members. Consider rotating the role of ‘writer’ between students (usually one person writes an idea for the whole group on the brainstorming paper).
  

Examples

1. 
   A good way of doing this activity is to place students in small groups and provide them a large sheet of paper to write down all their initial thoughts.
   
2. 
   Students can then report all their thoughts back to the class.
   

82. Expert Jigsaw
Definition
The expert jigsaw method teaching method involves having students split into groups of ‘experts’ and then ‘topics’.
First, each ‘expert’ group focuses on a sub-area of a topic to develop their ‘expertise’ as a group.
Once the initial group work discussion has concluded, the ‘expert groups’ split.

The teacher then forms new ‘topic groups’ with one student from each of the original expert groups in the new groups.

The idea is that each group in the second part of the lesson will have an ‘expert’ on a particular area of a topic. Every expert will be able to contribute their perspective to the group
For example, if the topic is dinosaurs, the initial ‘expert groups’ may get together to discuss separate issues: Group 1 will discuss extinction, Group 2 will discuss bones, Group 3 will discuss diets, and Group 4 will discuss geographical locations.
When the ‘topic groups’ converge, they should contain one expert on extinction, one expert on bones, one expert on diets and one expert on geographical locations. The topic group will therefore have a broad range of expert knowledge to discuss and share.
Benefits

• 
  Gives each student a sense that they have something meaningful to contribute because they will be an expert on something when converging in the ‘topic’ groups.
  
• 
  Encourages collaboration and positive interdependence in group work.