“ фаол тадбиркорлик, инновацион ғоялар ва технологияларни қЎллаб-қувватлаш йили”

Used literature:
1 www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-abuse-addiction 
Internet materials: http://www.advantour.com 
2 .http://outernationalist.net/?p=3022 
2. 
Statista, 2014. Statistics and facts about the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
 

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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 
Omonjonov.S – 2
nd 
year student 
The Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute 
Language department 
Supervisor:senior teacher Taryanikova M.A. 
At its simplest, biotechnology is technology based on biology - biotechnology harnesses cellular 
and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and 
the health of our planet. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for more than 
6,000 years to enhance the agricultural production, to bake bread, brew alcoholic beverages, and 
breed food crops or domestic animals. Through early biotechnology, the earliest farmers selected 
and bred the best suited crops, having the highest yields, to produce enough food to support a 
growing population. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to 
combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, use less 
and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes. 
Currently, there are more than 250 biotechnology health care products and vaccines available to 
patients, many for previously untreatable diseases. 
Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. In 1928, Alexander Fleming 
discovered the mold Penicillium. His work led to the purification of the antibiotic by Howard 
Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, penicillin. In 1940, penicillin became available for 
medicinal use to treat bacterial infections in humans. The field of modern biotechnology is 
generally thought of as having been born in 1971 when Paul Berg’s (Stanford) experiments in gene 
splicing had early success. The commercial viability of a biotechnology industry was significantly 
expanded on June 16, 1980, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that a genetically 
modified microorganism could be patented in the case of Diamond V. Chakrabarty. 
Biotechnology is being increasingly used in Drug production where biotechnical methods are now 
used to produce many proteins for pharmaceutical and other specialized purposes. A harmless strain 
of Escherichia coli bacteria, given a copy of the gene for human insulin, can make insulin. As these 
genetically modified (GM) bacterial cells age, they produce human insulin, which can be purified 
and used to treat diabetes in humans. Microorganisms can also be modified to produce digestive 
enzymes. In the future, these microorganisms could be colonized in the intestinal tract of persons 
with digestive enzyme insufficiencies. Products of modern biotechnology include artificial blood 
vessels from collagen tubes coated with a layer of the anticoagulant heparin. 
Following the phenomenal success of its information technology industry, India is fast emerging as 
an important player in the biotechnology sector in the Asia–Pacific Region. But in Uzbekistan 
biotechnology growth very slowly. To develop this branch we should attract the investments, open 
new technological science centers and supply their with materials.