Writing task 1

Writing task 1.

1. 
   Line graph, pie chart, bar chart, table, process (diagram), map, flow chart (illustration, diagram), multiple charts. At least 150 words should be written in 20 minutes
   
2. 
   Recommended Structure of essay task 1.
   

Introduction.
Overall ( summary).
Main body 1.
Main body 2.
INTRODUCTION. In introduction part, a task question should be paraphrased
introduction qismda essay savolining manosini o’zgartirmagan holda Grammatik strukturani o’zgartirib hamda savolda berilgan so’zlarning sinonimini ishlatgan holda qayta yozish kerak. For example.
The question is - The graph gives information about changes in birth and death rates in new Zealand between 1901 and 1911.
Grafik 1901 hamda 1911 yillar oralig’ida yangi zellandiyada tug’ilish hamda vafot etishdagi o’zgarishlar haqida malumot beradi. Asosiy malumot tug’ilish hamda o’lim haqida.
Paraphrased version is - The given is a chart illustrating the number of people who died and born in new zealand over a decade between 1901 and 1911.
Berilgan diagramma 1901 hamda 1911 yillar oralig’idagi 10 yillik davrda yangi zellandiyada vafot etgan hamda dunyoga kelgan odamlar raqamini tasvirlaydi. Mano o’zgarmadi assosiy malumot tug’ilish hamda vafot etish haqida.
Essential vocabulary for writing introduction.
Two helpfull structures of paraphrasing line graph, bar chart, pie chart, table questions.

1. 
   Structure; Introductory words + task 1 types + describe, illustrate, outline, demonstrate, present, give/supply/provide data\information on\about+ the number of/ the amount of + something +which/who/that + was/were VERB 3 or how much/ how many + something + was/were VERB 3 + in place+ time
   
2. 
   Structure; introductory words is/are +task 1 types+ describing, illustrating, outlining, demonstrating, presenting, giniving/supplying/providing/ data\information on\ about+ the number of/ the amount of something + which/ who/that/+ was/ were + verb 3 or how much/ how many+ something + was/ were + verb 3 in place+ time
   

Introductory words: The given, the shown, the presented, the supplied, the provided, the illustrated.
Synonym words of task 1 types: graph-chart-diagram, table-diagram, process-diagram-picture, flow chart-diagramm-illustration.
Synonyms of time expressions: ,2000-2010 , from 2000 to 2010, between 2000 and 2010, over a decade from 2000 to 2010, over a ten- year period from 2000 to 20010 or, march- august, from march to august, between march and august, over a seven- month period between march and august.
Synonyms of verb show- give/provide/supply information/data about/on, present, compare, illustrate, demonstrate, outline.
It is important to change word formation for example: consumption- istemol ( noun) to consume- istemol qilmoq ( verb).
Sanaladigan otlar uchun the number of yoki how many sanalmaydigan otlar uchun the amount, the quantity va how much ishlatiladi. For example.
The table gives data on the consumption rate of rats in the dormitory between 2005 and 2015.
The supplied diagram outlines the number of rats which were consumed in the hall of residence in the years of 2005 and 2015.
The shown is a chart describing how many rats were consumed in the dormitory over a decade between 2005 and 2015.
OVERALL ( SUMMARY). In overall, only general trends, main changes or what stand out visibly from the graphs should be described. From 2 to 4 biggest points such as the biggest point and the lowest trend in the beginning of period and what will become the biggest or smallest number finally with from 2 to 3 sentences.
Do not add any data such as numbers and do not describe trends in detail from beginning the end. Use contrasting language. some verbs we need to describe overall and they are- register, make up, to be , contribute, make a contribution
Xulosa qismda faqatgina ko’zga yaqqol tashlanib turadigan nuqtalar, o’zgarishlar tasvirlanadi. Bu o’zgarishlar davrni boshidagi eng katta, mashhur, ommabop, ko’p ishlatilgan, ko’p sotilgan……………ko’rsatkichlar hamda kichik, kam ko’rsatkichlar…………………………. va davrni oxiriga borib qaysi trend katta ……….. kichik ……………………bo’ldi yoki qaysi trend o’sadi yoki tushadi. 2va 3 ta gap yetarli. Grafikdagi malumotlar raqam ishlatib to’lliq tasvirlanmaydi. Taqqoslash bog’lovchilarini ishlatish kerak.
Recommended framework of OVERALL.
Overall + it is clear/ obvius (from the graph) that + Subject + verb+ superlative+ adj+ obj + in the beginning/ at first/ when the span began or superlative adj/past participle + object+ verb + by subject + while/whereas/at the same time/on the other hand/however, + superlative adj/ past particible +obj + verb + by subject or subject + verb + superlative adj+object.+ but/in the end/ at the end of the period subject + verb + superlative adj/ past participle+ obj or superlative adj/ part particible +verb + by subject.

Overall, it is clear that lovely loaves was the most popular baker in the beginning while the least income was made by berries bun. But at the end of the period robbies bakery earned the most.
MAIN BODIES. In main bodies, graphs should be described in detail with numbers, changes, and contrasting language.
to describe upward changes we need these following verbs; increase, rise, grow, go up, jump, accelerate, ascend, climb, rocket, hike, surge, soar, boom, double, triple, take off …………………..
to show downward trends we use these following verbs;
decrease, fall, decline, drop, dip, go down, plummet, plunge, halve, slide, reduce, descend……………..
to show fluctuation;
fluctuate, oscillate, vacillate, be erratic, experience/see/witness/go through/ undergo an erratic period.
Nouns versions of fluctuate are fluctuation, oscillation, vacillation.
To show stable trend;
Maintain/keep the same level, remain/stay, unchanged/stable/constant, did not change, level off, stagnate, reach a plateau, experience/witness/go through/undergo/see a static period.
Stable noun trends- levelling off, stagnation.
To show low and peak points
Peak at, reach/ hit a peak of/at, - overall trend+ with a peak of/at+ time. Birth rate rose with a peak of/at 100 in 2021
Birth rate peaked at/ reached/hit a peak of 100 in 2021
Bottom out at, reach/hit a trough/low of /at- overall trend +with a low/trough of/at +in time
death rate fell with a low/trough of/at 10 in 2021
death rate bottomed out at/ reach/hit a low/trough of/at 10 in 2021.
Nouns for upward trends are increase, rise, growth, acceleration, hike, surge.
Nouns for downward trends are decrease, fall, drop, reduction, dip, plunge.
Adjactives and adverbs to describe how changes increase, decrease or fluctuate.
Big change; considerable, significant, exponential, substantial, dramatic, drastic, tremendous, overwhelming, two/three/four-fold
Small change; inconsiderable, slight, negligible, noticeable, marginal,
Sudden change; sudden, steep, sharp
Slow change; slow, gradual. Changes for fluctuation can be visible and brief.
How to build and expand sentences;
1- step is to add these trend words before or after the subject; the figure, share, rate, percentage, proportion, number, trend, level, index, data for/of………..
For example- lovely loaves income increased.- the figure for/of lovely loaves income increased or lovely loaves income rate increased.
2-Step is to add the adverb. For example; the figure of lovely loaves income increased considerably.
3-step is to add data. For example; the figure for lovely loaves income increased considerably from 2 to 8
4-Step is to add time. For example; the figure of lovely loaves income increased considerably from 2 in 2000 to 8 in 2010.
5-step is to highlight the lowest or highest point. For example; the figure for lovely loaves income increased considerably from 2 in 2000 to 8 in 2010 with a peak of 10mln in 2007.
6-Step is to describe what happens after these changes above to make sentences long. For example; the figure for lovely loaves income increased considerably from 2 in 2000 to 8 in 2010 with a peak of 10mln in 2007 which/that was followed by a sudden decrease to it’s initial rate of 2 in 2012.
How to describe trends.

1. 
   Structure. S + verb + adv + obj. f.e; the donkey sales rate increased rapidly from 10 in 2018 to 30 in 2021.
   
2. 
   Structure. there was+ a/an adj+ noun + in S + obj. f.e; there was a rapid increase in the rate for donkey sales from 10 in 2018 to 30 in 2021.
   
3. 
   Structure. S + special verbs3+ a/an adj+ noun +obj. f.e; the donkey sales rate witnessed a rapid increase from 10 in 2018 to 30 in 2021.
   

Special verbs; see, witness, go through, undergo, experience, illustrate, depict, display, possess.

4. 
   Structure. A/an adj + noun + obj+ the case + in S. f.e; a rapid increase from 10 in 2018 to 30 in 2021 was the case in the rate for donkey sales.
   
5. 
   Structure. There was + special verbs in the past+ a/an adj +noun +in S +obj. f.e; there was witnessed a rapid increase in the rate of donkey sales from 10 in 2018 to 30 in 2021
   

Describing future trends. Expression verbs: expect, forecast, foresee, foretell, predict, estimate, project.

1. 
   Structure. It is+ expression verbs in the past (that)+ S+verb1+adv+obj.
   

It is expected that donkey sales will drop sharply from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025

2. 
   Structure. It is + expression verbs in the past+ there will be +a\an adj+ noun+obj+in S.
   

It is predicted that there will be a sharp fall from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025 in the number for donkey sales.

3. 
   structure. It is + expression verbs in the past+ S + will +special verbs+ a\an adj+ noun+obj.
   

it is foretold that donkey sales will witness a sharp fall from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025.

4. 
   Structure. It is + expression verbs in the past+ there will be + special verbs3 + a\an adj + noun+ obj+in S
   

It is expected that there will be experienced a sharp fall from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025 in donkey sales.

5. 
   Structure. It is + expression verbs in the past (that) + a\an adj+noun+obj+will be the case + in S.
   

It is expected that a sharp fall from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025 will be the case in donkey sales
Another structure S+ is\are + expression verbs in the past+ to verb + adv+ obj.
Donkey sales are predicted to fall sharply from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025
There is predicted to be a sharp fall in donkey sales from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025.
Donkey sales are predicted to experience a sharp fall from 50 in 2020 to 10 in 2025.
There is estimated to be witnessed a sharp fall to 10 in 2025.
A sharp fall to 10 in 2025 is expected to be the case in donkey sales.
Important skills to be learned.

1. 
   Time. From …………..in 2000to/till ………….. 2010, between2010 and 2015.
   

Initially, in the initial year, in the first year, when the span/period began/started, at the start, at the beginning, in the beginning.
Next, then, and then, this is followed by, subsequently, after that, after which, afterwards, but, …………which/that is followed by……..
Finally, in the final year, ultimately, at the end, when the span/period finished.
Over the whole span, throughout the span, during the span, over a mentioned/stated/given period, over a decade.

2. 
   Approximation. About, around, approximately, roughly, nearly, almost, over, under.
   
3. 
   Referencing. From 2000(50%) to 2010(100%), from 2000-50% to 2010-100%, from 50%-2000 to 100%-2010. Referencing adverbs: relatively, correspondingly, accordingly, correlatedly, in turn, in order, in accordance.
   

Donkey sales and frog consumption experienced a decrease till 2020 ( 40% and 50% accordingly).
The figure for donkey sales and frog consumption saw a decrease towards 2020 (40% and 50% relatively.)

4. 
   Preposition. With dates, years IN is used: in 2021, in may. Increase from 40 To 60 , an increase from 40 to 60, an increase of/by 20.
   
5. 
   Empasising. Emphasise the most noticeable data with two sentences and it is good when you do it in the beginning of the paragraph. The figure for Chinese alcohol consumption witnessed a considerable upward trend. This index went up significantly from 25 to 95 in the final year.
   
6. 
   Grouping. Group 2 or 3 figures and use referencing adverbs to indicate final data. The index for Korean and Chinese bat consumption rose significantly till the end of the span ( 30% and 40% relatively).
   
7. 
   Hiding. Hide the numbers to make the reader use simple arithmetics. By adding, A rose by 10% from its initial 25% rate
   

10+25=35%.
By subtracting, A decreased by 10% from its initial 25% .
25-10=15.
By multiplying, there was a three-fold rise in A from its initial 25%.
25*3=75.
By deviding, there was a four-fold fall in A from its initial 100%.
100 / 4 = 25.

The graph below shows data about the annual earnings of three bakeries in London, 2000-2010.

The given is a chart providing information about the amount of money that was earned by three bakeries per year in London over a decade between 2000 and 2010.
Overall, it is obvious that lovely loaves earned more money than two other bakeries at first while the numbers for Berrie’s buns registered the least. However, in the end the income of robbies bakery made up the biggest segment.
In 2000, the figure for berries bun started at 20000 pound, and then it experienced a considerable rise towards just uder 40.000 pound in 2003. Having stagnated at under 40.000 for four years, there was an exponential upward trend in buns income to approximately 65.000 in the final year. Looking at the robbies bakery, the share maintained the same level at around 55000 between 2000 and 2005 which is followed by a dramatical growth until the end of the period reaching a peak of over 100000 pound.
In contrast, having fluctuated at around 85000 for more than four years, the income of lovely loaves went down tremendously towards under 60 in 2007. Afterwards, there was witnessed a fall of 20000 pound in over a year. Then the very index levelled of at this point util 2010
201 words.
Maps.
Essential vocabulary.1- sides : North-shimol, south-janub, east-sharq, west-g’arb, northeast-shimoli sharqiy, northwest-shimoli g’arbiy, southeast-janubi sharqiy, southwest- janubi g’arbiy.
2 – preposition: in front of, behind, beside, opposite, inside, outside, next to, alongside, in the north/east/west/south, on the left/right hand side of, in the center, in the middle, in the corner, between, among across.

3. 
   Synonyms: differences- distinctness, discrepancy, devergance, changes, variances.
   

Infrastructure-design, base, framework, look, appearance, outline, structure.
House-apartment, residence/resident, dwelling.
Location-spot, area, place, zone, field, sector.
Housing- dwelling, residential, living.
Path-way, route, road, pathway.
Crossroad-junction, intersection.
Tree-forest, wood.
Build- construct, open up, establish, set up.
Renovate- modernize, modernize, urbanize, reconstruct, relocate-add, plant.
Enlarge- expande, make bigger, expand, broaden, widen, lengthen, widen.
Tighten-shorten, make smaller.
Remove-destroy, demolish, knock/pill/tear/cut/chop down.
Old place/building +was/were +turned/changed/converted/transformed into +new place/ building.
Old stadium was changed into new hospital.
Replace, modify, alter,
Buildings can be educational, governmental, shopping, sports,medical.
Building-premise, facility.
Describing changes in size, movement, appearance.
obj+ was/were +expanded, enlarged, widened, extended, expanded, changed, altered, modified, narrowed, shortened……..
the road was widened.
Obj+ became + smaller, bigger, wider, more narrow, thinner, shorter, larger. The road became wider.
Obj+ appear. New road appeared.
Old place/building+was/were+ demolished, destroyed, knocked down, removed + to make way for + a new place.
Old stadium was demolished to make way for a new hospital.
Old place/ building was/were+demolished/destroyed/knocked down/removed and replaced by new place.
Old stadium was destroyed and replaced by a new hospital.
new place/ building + was/ were+built, constructed, opened up, established +to replace + old building/place.
New hospital was built to replace old stadium.
New place/ building + was /were+ built, constructed, opened up, established + on the original site of + old building / place.
New hospital was established on the original site of football stadium.
Obj+ remain unchanged+still exists.
Old pitch remained unchanged.
Introductory words to begin overall. In overall part only main changes from 2 to 3 should be mentioned. 1- over the period, the area witnessed dramatic changes, 2- during 20 years period , the area was totally changed/transformed, 3- from 1990 to 2000 the area saw a spectacular developments, 3 the area changed considerably over the given period, 5- the area was completely modernized over the period.
Next step is to add main changes in overall by writing- the main changes for 2020, the main changes involves/ the addition/joining/ connecting/ linking of smth.
Linkers to be learned, furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides.

The given maps illustrate the changes between a school layout in 2004 and the proposed plan for that school in the year of 2024.
Overall, it is clear that most noticeable changes in the appearance of the school are the addition of a third school facility and a new car park on the northeast side of the site. Due to these changes, school will be able to accommodate more students than the previous version.
First, the look of the school will change drastically as the size of sports field will be reduced and relocated in the east side before the car park 2. Part of the old sports field will be transformed into a second parking spot which is also connected to the main road via new road which is planned to be constructed that runs through the map from west to east.
Furthermore, the third school building is decided to be built on the original site of the sports field which can take up 400 pupils. Another change that takes place is that the path located between school 1 and school 2 will be shortened and two school premises will be connected by hallway.