The Complete A+ Guide to pc repair

Multimedia Devices

• Terms and Definitions

Chapter Objectives

• After completing this chapter you will:
• Understand various CD and DVD technologies.
• Understand the meaning of a CD or DVD’s X factor.
• Understand how a CD drive works.
• Know the different interfaces used with CD and DVD drives and be able to configure the drive.
• Understand the basic operation of a sound card.
• Understand the software associated with CD and DVD drive installation.
• Be able to install a sound card.
• Be able to use various operating system tools to verify drive and sound card installation.

Chapter Objectives (cont.)

• After completing this chapter you will:
• Troubleshoot CD drive, DVD drive, and sound card problems.
• Understand the basics of how a scanner works and be able to install a USB or parallel port scanner.
• Understand basic digital camera concepts.

Multimedia Overview

• The term multimedia has different meanings to different people because there are so many different types of multimedia devices. This chapter focuses on the most popular areas and you will find that other devices are similar to install and troubleshoot.
• Multimedia devices:
• CD and DVD technologies
• Sound cards
• Speakers

CD-ROM Drive Overview

• CD-ROM terms:
• CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) Drive is a device that holds CDs and is used for audio and data files.
• CD (Compact Disk) is a disk that holds large amounts of data (628MB and higher), such as audio, video, and software applications.

CD-ROM Drive Speeds

• CD-ROM drives operate much slower than hard drives.
• CD-ROM drive specifications:
• Average Seek Time is the time required for a drive to move randomly about the disk.
• Average Access Time is the time required to find and retrieve data on a disk or in memory.

CD-ROM Drive Speeds

• Multimedia – Table # 1

• CD-ROM Transfer Speeds

CD-ROM Drive Speeds

• Multimedia – Table # 2

• CD-ROM Access Times

CD-ROM Drive Buffers/Cache

• Ways to increase CD-ROM data transfers:
• Buffer memory located on the CD-ROM drive
• Adjust the CD-ROM cache

Theory of CD-ROM Drive Operation

• Data is stored on a CD with pits and flats.
• Pits are indentations along the track of a CD.
• Flats are lands that separate the pits in a CD.

Theory of CD-ROM Drive Operation

• Inside a CD-ROM Drive

• Multimedia – Figure #2

Internal and External CD-ROM Drives

• Types of CD-ROM drives
• Internal CD-ROM drives using either IDE or SCSI interface
• External CD-ROM drives using the SCSI interface

CD-ROM Disk Loading

• Methods for inserting a compact disk into a CD-ROM drive:
• Tray Loaded is a method to insert a CD or DVD into a drive. They are less expensive but more likely to have lower MTBFs.
• MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) is the average number of hours before a device fails.
• Caddy Loaded is a term used to describe how a CD inserts into a CD drive using a special holder.
• Caddy is a holder for a compact disk that inserts into the CD drive.
• Slot Loaded is a term used to describe how a CD loads into a slot in the CD drive. This has the disadvantage of disk jams.

CD-ROM Disk Loading

• Multimedia – Figure #3

• CD-ROM Drive with Tray and CD-ROM Caddy

CD-R and CD-RW

• CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) is a CD drive that can create a compact disk by writing once to the disk.
• UDF (Universal Disk Format) is a CD-R drive standard used by some manufacturers.
• DDCD (Double Density CD) is a CD disk format that extends to 1.3GB. Drives that use this specification can also read regular CDs, CD-R disks, and CD-RW disks.
• WORM (Write Once-Read Many) is a technology that writes data once to a disk. It is often used to make backups or distribute software.

CD-R and CD-RW

• CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable) or CD-E is a CD drive that can write data multiple times to a particular disk.
• PD (Phase-Change Dual) is a laser technology used to make CD-E and CD-RW disks.
• Dye-Polymer is a technology for making CD-E or CD-RW disks by laser-heating the disk surface to produce light reflecting bumps.
• MultiRead or MultiRead2 is an OSTA specification that states the CD-RW drive is backward compatible with CD-ROM and CD-R disks.

CD Standards

• Multimedia – Table # 3

• CD Standards