Teaching writing to different children

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TEACHING WRITING TO DIFFERENT CHILDREN
Raxmatova Mohinur.
The student of Termez State
University
Foreign Philology
faculty 4^th course
Key words: writing, developmental stages of writing, model writing, shared writing, guided writing, independent writing, writing activities
Annotation

Teaching writing to elementary students happens over a series of scaffolded stages. A gradual release towards independence will result in improving writing skills.

Abstract
It has been established that in the Netherlands, as in other countries, a majority of students do not attain the desired level of writing skills at the end of elementary school. Time devoted to writing is limited, and only a minority of schools succeed in effectively teaching writing. An improvement in the way writing is taught in elementary school is clearly required. In order to identify effective instructional practices we conducted a meta-analysis of writing intervention studies aimed at grade 4 to 6 in a regular school setting. Average effect sizes were calculated for ten intervention categories: strategy instruction, text structure instruction, pre-writing activities, peer assistance, grammar instruction, feedback, evaluation, process approach, goal setting, and revision. Five of these categories yielded statistically significant results. Pairwise comparison of these categories revealed that goal setting (ES = 2.03) is the most effective intervention to improve students' writing performance, followed by strategy instruction (ES =.96), text structure instruction (ES =.76), peer assistance (ES =.59), and feedback (ES =.88) respectively. Further research is needed to examine how these interventions can be implemented effectively in classrooms to improve elementary students' writing performance. © Earli. This article is published under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported license.

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4 Developmental Stages of Writing
The four stages of teaching good writing is a gradual release from teacher-directed to complete independence. It is tightly controlled to ensure success, yet the lessons can be really fun.
In fact, they should be interactive and fun, or you will lose the interest of your class (then you are toast!).
The stages are:
Modeled Writing
Shared Writing
Guided Writing
Independent Writing
For each stage you will find a specific strategy to use in your lessons. Each strategy can be used as a stand-alone lesson or at intervals during other stages.
Teaching writing to children in 4 developmental stages.
MODELED WRITING
What is Modeled Writing?
A think aloud about strategies
Utilizes a problem-solving approach
Can be used to teach a specific element of language
Modeled writing is the first step in teaching writing to children. This is when the teacher is in front of the class doing all of the writing.
If your students struggle greatly with getting their ideas going, come back to this basic step and model your writing process for them. They need to see it being done. I like to have my students sitting on the floor in front of the chart paper so we are in an intimate setting while I discuss my thinking.
Make your thoughts about the process known (be explicit) while you are teaching writing to children.
For example, you might say, "Today I want to write about what happened to me last night. I need to make a web to sort out my thoughts, then I can start putting the words into sentences."
If it is a specific skill lesson, such as great beginning sentences, you might say, "I know that author's need to have strong beginnings to hook their readers into a story. Today I am going to use a little-known fact to hook them."
The key to modeled writing is to never assume your students are following you. Tell them everything you are doing and why. It is not enough for them just to watch you. As well, don't try to model so many things that the lesson goes on too long - you will lose their attention.
SHARED WRITING
During shared writing, a teacher will scribe the words, but the students are now invited to contribute to the piece. This is the type of writing I tend to do a lot of at the beginning of the year in my second grade classroom. It would be appropriate for any primary writing.
Students contribute ideas while the teacher writes
Lots of discussion, questions and answers
Think alouds continue to be used
The photos below show a shared writing lesson that my class did for a special assembly we had. We were to write a very simple story that had little detail (it was to be performed by a mime). The entire process, from start to finish, took us about 45 minutes.
Pre-write and brainstorming
This shows the pre-writing session of any writing process lesson plan. This is always the first step of teaching writing to children.
We listed possible topics, took a "quick and dirty" vote to narrow them down, then voted as a class on which one they thought would make the best story for our purpose.
writing a summary
After reaching a consensus on the topic of our story, it was time to formulate our main idea.
We discussed the basic elements of a narrative story, and made a summary chart. As a class, we came up with the characters, setting, problem and solution (KISS = Keep It Super Simple!).
Below is our story that we wrote together. Notice that you can see where I made my thinking visible to the students as we worked. That is critical in teaching writing to children. Words are circles and crossed out, punctuation marks are changed, and substitutions have been made throughout.
You can also see where the basic narrative elements were underlined in the story. Doing this helps the students see how the elements are woven into the story without saying, "The main character is..." or, "The setting was..."
writing effective beginning
This is the introduction to our story, “Snowball Revenge.”
Notice how the basic narrative elements are underlined (the colors match the ones we used while pre-writing the story elements).
teaching writing to children
This is the middle of our short story.
My thinking is visually present through cross-outs, changes in punctuation, and changing of words.
Students also made suggestions and changes.
writing effective endings
The story comes to a satisfactory conclusion when the naughty little boy learns a big lesson.
Note the use of onomatopoeias, a focus lesson from a previous week.
GUIDED WRITING
Guided writing is the third step in teaching writing to children. In guided writing, teachers continually provide feedback, redirection and expansion of ideas. Any area of writing can be addressed, but it works well to put similar needs together and address them at the same time.
The step between teacher directed and independent writing
Teacher utilizes prompts and clues to help develop ideas and organization
Teacher works with students either small group or independently
Oral discussion of sentences before writing
You may also choose to do guided writing independently as part of how you approach teaching writing to children. I find that using smaller groups works really well for teaching creative writing as so many children struggle with formulating ideas.
During a writer's workshop, I like to walk around the classroom and stop at my students desks. I have them read to me what they are working on and ask them what they might be struggling with.
It is surprising what they realize they need help with, and it is not always what I thought they should work on, but the motivation to improve an aspect of writing is there so we do it.
The absolute best series of videos to watch on teaching Guided Writing are found at Primary Framework Guided Writing. I have no affiliate relationship with them, so my opinion is completely unbiased. You must watch these though, as they give a clear, conceptual understanding of what guided writing really is and how to use it within the framework of teaching writing to children.
INDEPENDENT WRITING
This is where the students effectively utilize written language for their own purposes or as assigned by the teacher. These writing pieces can be anything, from creative stories and reports to writing journals or letters to friends and family.
Students use ideas from shared writing to produce their own independent piece
Reference to charts and other materials to revise and edit composition
Teacher evaluation for growth
This part of teaching writing to children must always include a time to share. It is critical to provide validation of your young author's process and growth as a writer. This provides them not only recognition, but an opportunity to receive feedback.
While some children gravitate towards writing independently, many need more practice with essential writing lessons. If you have a student who struggles, you must go back and do more shared and guided writing, as well as spending some time simply romancing young writers.

WRITING ACTIVITIES

All parents strive to give proper education to their children. However, each of you should remember that high-quality education starts not at school or prestigious university, but at home, where parents devote enough time to educate their kids. In this post, I will tell you about ten fun ideas of writing games for kids that will help you to teach your children in a simple and enjoyable way!
What Are The Most Fun Writing Games For Kids?
To make a significant contribution to your kid’s development and education you should keep in mind that the main activity for every child is a game. Through the game, the child discovers the world around him. Therefore, any developmental activity with a child should be organized in the form of a fun game to reach good results and simply ensure exciting pastime for you and your kid!
1. Finish the story
Make writing fun with some fiction prompts! If your kid can already write confidently but still does it reluctantly, offer him to play a game, during which you will have to create a short novel together. Discuss the topic with a child (find many interesting creative writing topics here) and write down a few sentences that he will need to continue – this will get him interested and help to develop not only writing skills, but also imagination!
2. Create paintings with your names
Children often find it fun to paint. This exercise will help you to combine fun and creative activity with learning – use a sticky tape to write your names (or any other things), color the whole paper, and then peel off the tape!
3. Do grocery shopping together
Ask your kid to create a short list of groceries that you need to buy every week, including their personal wishes (chocolate, treats, and other). And, if you child can’t write yet, ask him to create the same list but in pictures and then tell you what they have drawn!
4. Creating new words
This exercise will help to develop logical thinking and enhance kid’s writing skills. Prepare several cards with short words (3-5 letters), then show them to your children and ask them to come up with two or more other words that consist of the same letters!
5. Write a book
Children tend to be more creative than adults. Moreover, the majority of them really enjoy different creative activities, so this idea will help you make teaching process much more fun! Ask your kid to create his own book (even if it is a small essay, encourage his desire to create something big) on any topic. Then help him to design the book. Create a bright cover page, add pages, and draw the illustrations together – believe me, your child will love doing this!
6. Learn the alphabet
Learn the letters while creating your own design for the alphabet! This activity is perfect for preschool education – it will help you to give the necessary knowledge base and do something fun together with your child!
7. Write a poem
This will be fun for elder schoolchildren. The idea of this task is to create everything that you kid sees around into a poem – for example, you can go for a walk and ask your son or daughter to fill in the gaps in this small poem with what they see:
At the park, I see ________________;
In the woods, I hear ______________;
In wintertime, I feel ______________ ;
And so on.
8. Find a match
Create cards with the words of different meanings or, if your kid is a bit older, you can create cards with jobs and tools needed for them, and so on, then put them on the table and ask your son or daughter to find matching cards.
9. Add some competition
Often, competition is not only fun but also very effective! Thus, if you have more than one child (or you can invite some other kids to come over) create a fun activity for everyone; for example, ask them to create movie scripts! You can also offer a prize for the best script!
10. Fun envelopes
If you have a birthday party or any other even just around the corner – this is a great time to do another exciting writing activity! Offer your kid to create beautiful envelopes with invitations and then ask him to write a short message on each of them!
These are my top ten activities! I bet that your children will love each one of them! However, you should always keep in mind that any, at first sight, boring activity, even performing essays, can be turned into a fun game if you add just a bit of creativity and imagination and your kids will thank you for this!