Student: Rahmatullayeva Nozima

Assignment 1
Student: Rahmatullayeva Nozima
Group:1819
1. Read the text
2. Identify different types of automatic translation?
3. Review the possible ways of solving a particular problem involved
4. Translate the text
5. Check your translation against the suggested Russian translation of the text
6. (a) Minor variations requiring no alternations in your translation
(b) Obvious errors in your translation due to wrong interpretation or unhappy choice of TL equivalents
(c) Doubtful cases where the suggested text seems to be inferior to your own wording.
7. Discuss (a,b,c) with your teacher or fellow students

What is software?

Software, instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software comprises the entire set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system. The term was coined to differentiate these instructions from hardware—i.e., the physical components of a computer system. A set of instructions that directs a computer’s hardware to perform a task is called a program, or software program.
The two main types of software are system software and application software. System software controls a computer’s internal functioning, chiefly through an operating system, and also controls such peripherals as monitors, printers, and storage devices. Application software, by contrast, directs the computer to execute commands given by the user and may be said to include any program that processes data for a user. Application software thus includes word processors, spreadsheets, database management, inventory and payroll programs, and many other “applications.” A third software category is that of network software, which coordinates communication between the computers linked in a network.
Software is typically stored on an external long-term memory device, such as a hard drive or magnetic diskette. When the program is in use, the computer reads it from the storage device and temporarily places the instructions in random access memory (RAM). The process of storing and then performing the instructions is called “running,” or “executing,” a program. By contrast, software programs and procedures that are permanently stored in a computer’s memory using a read-only (ROM) technology are called firmware, or “hard software.”

Dasturiy ta'minot nima?

Dasturiy taʼminot, kompyuterga nima qilish kerakligini aytadigan ko'rsatmalar. Dasturiy ta'minot kompyuter tizimining ishlashi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan barcha dasturlar, protseduralar va tartiblarni o'z ichiga oladi. Ushbu atama ushbu ko'rsatmalarni apparat vositalaridan, ya'ni kompyuter tizimining jismoniy qismlaridan farqlash uchun yaratilgan. Kompyuterning texnik vositalarini vazifani bajarishga yo'naltiruvchi ko'rsatmalar to'plami dastur yoki dasturiy ta'minot deb ataladi.
Dasturiy ta'minotning ikkita asosiy turi - tizim dasturiy ta'minoti va amaliy dasturiy ta'minot. Tizimli dasturiy ta'minot kompyuterning ichki ishlashini, asosan, operatsion tizim orqali boshqaradi, shuningdek, monitorlar, printerlar va saqlash qurilmalari kabi tashqi qurilmalarni boshqaradi. Amaliy dasturiy ta'minot, aksincha, kompyuterni foydalanuvchi tomonidan berilgan buyruqlarni bajarishga yo'naltiradi va foydalanuvchi uchun ma'lumotlarni qayta ishlaydigan har qanday dasturni o'z ichiga oladi. Shunday qilib, amaliy dasturiy ta'minot matn protsessorlari, elektron jadvallar, ma'lumotlar bazasini boshqarish, inventar va ish haqi dasturlari va boshqa ko'plab "ilovalar" ni o'z ichiga oladi. Uchinchi dasturiy ta'minot kategoriyasi tarmoqqa ulangan kompyuterlar o'rtasidagi aloqani muvofiqlashtiruvchi tarmoq dasturiy ta'minotidir.
Dasturiy ta'minot odatda qattiq disk yoki magnit disk kabi tashqi uzoq muddatli xotira qurilmasida saqlanadi. Dastur ishlayotganda, kompyuter uni saqlash qurilmasidan o'qiydi va ko'rsatmalarni vaqtinchalik xotiraga (RAM) joylashtiradi. Ko'rsatmalarni saqlash va keyin bajarish jarayoni "ishlash" yoki "bajarish" deb ataladi. Bundan farqli o'laroq, faqat o'qish (ROM) texnologiyasidan foydalangan holda kompyuter xotirasida doimiy saqlanadigan dasturiy ta'minot dasturlari va protseduralari proshivka yoki "qattiq dasturiy ta'minot" deb ataladi.