Sifat (The adjective)

Sifat (The adjective)

1. Shaxs yoki buyumning belgisini bildirgan so'zlar sifat deyiladi.

A young man = yosh kishi, a young woman = yosh ayol, young people = yosh kihilar

2. Sifat faqat darajalar bo'yicha o'zgarishi mumkin: long=uzun, longer=uzunroq, longest=eng uzun.

3. Sifat oddiy va yasama bo'ladi.

a) Oddiy sifatlar qo'shimcha olmagan sifatlardir: big=katta, black=qora, short=kalta, red=qizil.

b) Yasama sifatlarga old yoki orqa qo'shimchasini yoki har ikkalasini olgan sifatlar kiradi: natural-tabiiy, incorrect-noto'g'ri, unnatural-notabiiy.

Eng ko'p tarqalgan qo'shimchalar (sufikslar):

-ful : useful- foydali, doubtful-shubhali;

-les : helpless-ojiz, useless-befoyda;

-ous : famous-mashxur, dangerous-xavfli;

-al : formal-rasmiy, central-markaziy.

-able, -ible : eatble-yeb bo'ladigan, accessible-hammabop, yengil.

Eng ko'p tarqalgan old qo'shimchalar:

un-: unhappy-baxtsiz, unequal-teng emas

in-: incomplete-tugallanmagan, indefferent-farqsiz.

4) Ikkata so'zdan yasalib bitta ma'noni bildiruvchi sifatlar qo'shma sifatlardeyiladi:

dark-blue=to'q ko'k, snow-white=qordek oppoq.

5. Sifat gapda aniqlovchi va ot kesimning tarkibida keladi:

The large box is on the table - Katta quti stol ustida.(aniqlovchi)

The box is large - Quti-katta (ot kesimning tarkibiy qismi)

Sifat darajalari (Degrees of Comparison)

1. Sifatning uchta darajasi bor: Oddiy (the Positive Degree), Qiyosiy (the Comparative Dagree ), va Orttirma (the Superlative Degree).

The Missisippi is a long river (long-oddiy daraja)-Missisippi uzun daryo.

The Missisippi is longer than the Volga. (longer-qiyosiy daraja)-Missisippi Volgadan uzunroq.

The Missisippi is the longest river in the world. (longest-eng uzun)-Missisippi dunyodagi eng uzun daryo.

Qiyosiy daraja Ikkita shaxs yoki buyumni qiyoslanadi.

Orttirma daraja Uch yoki undan ortiq shaxs yoki buyum qiyoslanadi va bittasining darajasi hammasidan ziyoda bo'ladi.

2. Sodda sifatlarning (bir, ikki bo'g'inli sufatlarning) qiyosiy darajasi -er qo'shimchasini qo'shish bilan, orttirma darajasi -est qo'shimchasini qo'shish bilan yasaladi:

sharp=o'tkir-sharper=o'tkirroq-sharpest=eng o'tkir

cold=sovuq-colder=sovuqroq-coldest=eng sovuq

deep=chuqur-deeper=chuqurroq-deepest=eng chuqur

busy=band-busier=bandroq-busiest=eng band

3. Qiyosiy va orttirma darajalarni yasaganda quyidagi imlo qoidalariga rioya qilinadi:

a) agar sifat o'qilmaydigan e harfi bilan tugagan bo'lsa, -er va -est qo'shimchalari qo'shilganda sifat oxiridagi o'qilmaydigan e harfi tushib qoladi:

large-larger-largest=katta

brave-braver-bravest=jasur

ripe-riper-riperest=pishgan

b)agar sifat qisqa unlidan keyin bitta undosh bilan tugagan bo'lsa, qiyosiy va orttorma darajalarning qo'shimchasi qo'shilganga oxirgi undosh ikkilantiriladi:

big-bigger-biggest=katta

hot-hotter-hottest=issiq

wet-wetter-wettest=nam

c) agar sifat undoshdan keyin kelgan y harfi bilan tugagan bo'lsa qiyosiy va ortttirm adarajalarning qo'shimchasi qo'shilganda oxirgi y harfi i harfiga aylanadi;

busy-busier-busiest=band

easy-easier-easiest=oson

dirty-dirtier-dirtiest=iflos, kir

d) agar sifat oxiridagi y unlisidan keyin kelgan bo'lsa qo'shimcha qo'shilganda y saqlanib qoladi:

gay-gayer-gayest=sho'x