Optimal resource utilization

Importance of Microeconomics in Business Decision Making: Microeconomics plays an important role in business decision making. It helps the business managers in making production plans and trade decisions. It provides an analytical tool to examine the market mechanisms and helps business firms to take decision about their production and pricing policies.

The following are the points that represent the importance of microeconomics in business decision making.

Optimal resource utilization
Microeconomics tells how productive resources are allocated in the production of various goods and services as productive resources are scarce in the economy. It also helps to find out, what to produce, how much to produce, and for whom to produce.

Demand analysis

The microeconomic analysis helps the business firms to forecast the demand for their product. As we know, the demand for the firm’s product would change in response to change in the price of the firm’s product, prices of other goods, which may be a substitute or complementary, consumer’s income, his tastes and fashion, his expectations about future changes in price, changes in the age composition of the population, change in total population, etc.
Cost analysis
Cost analysis is an important area of microeconomics. There are many theories to explain the different conditions of cost in microeconomics such as fixed cost and variable cost, average cost and marginal cost, short-run cost, and long-run cost.

These all help the business manager to compare the cost of production of different periods and thereby to evolve suitable policies in controlling costs and deriving suitable profits.

Optimal production decision
The production decision is concerned with the proper product mix. What factors are to be combined in what manner to produce a given product? Microeconomics deals with different production techniques that help to find out the optimal production decision.
Pricing policy
The pricing of the product is the chief function of a firm. This depends upon the cost of production and at the same time price of substitutes and the nature of competition. Price affects profits which in turn determine the existence and the growth of the firm.

The microeconomic analysis provides the business manager a thorough knowledge of the theories of production and pricing in order to make sure that the firm gets profits continuously.

Thus, the role of microeconomics is both positive and normative. It not only tells us how the economy operates but also how it should be operated to promote the general welfare.

Biznes qarorlarini qabul qilishda mikroiqtisodiyotning ahamiyati: Mikroiqtisodiyot biznes qarorlarini qabul qilishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Bu biznes menejerlariga ishlab chiqarish rejalari va savdo qarorlarini qabul qilishda yordam beradi. U bozor mexanizmlarini o'rganish uchun tahliliy vositani taqdim etadi va biznes firmalariga ishlab chiqarish va narx siyosati to'g'risida qaror qabul qilishda yordam beradi.

Quyida biznes qarorlarini qabul qilishda mikroiqtisodiyotning ahamiyatini ifodalovchi fikrlar keltirilgan.
Resurslardan optimal foydalanish
Mikroiqtisodiyot turli xil tovarlar va xizmatlar ishlab chiqarishda ishlab chiqarish resurslari qanday taqsimlanishini aytadi, chunki iqtisodiyotda ishlab chiqarish resurslari kam. Shuningdek, u nimani ishlab chiqarishni, qancha ishlab chiqarishni va kim uchun ishlab chiqarishni aniqlashga yordam beradi.

Talab tahlili

Mikroiqtisodiy tahlil biznes firmalariga o'z mahsulotiga bo'lgan talabni bashorat qilishga yordam beradi. Ma'lumki, firma mahsulotiga bo'lgan talab firma mahsuloti narxining o'zgarishiga, uning o'rnini bosuvchi yoki to'ldiruvchi bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan boshqa tovarlarning narxiga, iste'molchining daromadiga, uning didi va modasiga, kelajakdagi o'zgarishlar haqidagi taxminlariga javoban o'zgaradi. narxda, aholining yosh tarkibining o'zgarishi, umumiy aholi sonining o'zgarishi va boshqalar.
Xarajatlarni tahlil qilish
Xarajatlarni tahlil qilish mikroiqtisodiyotning muhim sohasidir. Mikroiqtisodiyotda tannarxning har xil shartlarini tushuntirish uchun ko'plab nazariyalar mavjud: doimiy va o'zgaruvchan xarajatlar, o'rtacha xarajatlar va marjinal xarajatlar, qisqa muddatli xarajatlar va uzoq muddatli xarajatlar.

Bularning barchasi biznes menejeriga turli davrlardagi ishlab chiqarish tannarxini solishtirishga yordam beradi va shu bilan xarajatlarni nazorat qilish va tegishli foyda olish uchun tegishli siyosatni ishlab chiqadi.

Optimal ishlab chiqarish qarori
Ishlab chiqarish qarori to'g'ri mahsulot aralashmasi bilan bog'liq. Muayyan mahsulotni ishlab chiqarish uchun qanday omillarni qanday usulda birlashtirish kerak? Mikroiqtisodiyot optimal ishlab chiqarish qarorini topishga yordam beradigan turli ishlab chiqarish texnikasi bilan shug'ullanadi.
Narx siyosati
Mahsulot narxini belgilash firmaning asosiy vazifasidir. Bu ishlab chiqarish tannarxiga, shu bilan birga o'rinbosarlarning narxiga va raqobatning tabiatiga bog'liq. Narx foydaga ta'sir qiladi, bu esa o'z navbatida firmaning mavjudligi va o'sishini belgilaydi.

Mikroiqtisodiy tahlil korxona menejeriga ishlab chiqarish va narxlash nazariyalari bo'yicha to'liq ma'lumot beradi, bu esa firma doimiy ravishda daromad olishiga ishonch hosil qiladi.

Shunday qilib, mikroiqtisodiyotning roli ham ijobiy, ham normativdir. U nafaqat iqtisodiyot qanday ishlashini, balki umumiy farovonlikni oshirish uchun qanday ishlashi kerakligini ham aytadi.