Mavzu: "Galogenlar" mavzusi bo’yicha tajribaviy masalalar yechish

Sana___________
8-“____” sinf o’quvchisi ________________________
1-Amaliy mashg’ulot.
Mavzu: “Galogenlar” mavzusi bo’yicha tajribaviy masalalar yechish.
Maqsad: Galogenlarning umumiy va xususiy xossalari bilan tanishish.
Kerakli jihoz va reaktivlar: Xlorid kislota, indikatorlar ( metil zarg’aldog’I , universal indicator, lakmus), NaCl, NaJ, Pb(NO₃)₂ , Na₂CO₃, NaBr, ZnCO₃ tuzlari, rux bo’lakchalari, rux oksidi, Ca(OH)2 , AgNO3 eritmasi, kimyoviy stakanlar va kolbalar, pipedka, distrlangan suv.
Quyidagi topshiriqlarni bajaring:

1. 
   Xlorid kislota tarkibidagi vodorod hamda xlor ionlari mavjudligini tajriba yo’li bilan isbotlang. Zarur reaksiya tenglamalarini yozing.
   
2. 
   Sizga berilgan quruq tuz natriy xlorid ekanligini isbotlang.
   
3. 
   Sizga berilgan probirkadagi eritmaning natriy yodid ekanligini isbotlang.
   
4. 
   Tajriba yo’li bilan to’rt xil usulda rux xlorid tuzini oling.
   
5. 
   Sizga berilgan quruq tuz bromid ekanligini aniqlang.
   
6. 
   Sizga quruq tuz solingan 2ta probirka berildi, Qaysi probirkada NaCl va qaysi probirkada natriy karbonat borligini tajriba yo’li bilan aniqlang.
   

Ishning borishi:

1. 
   Xlorid kislota tarkibidagi vodorod ionini aniqlash: buning uchun kimyoviy stakan yoki probirkaga 2-3ml xlorid kislotadan quyiladi. Va uni turli indikatorlarda rang o’zgarishini kuzatiladi. Xlor ionini aniqlash: Buning uchun stakanga 2-3 ml xlorid kislota quyiladi va uning ustiga 1-2 tomchi kumush nitrat eritmasidan qo’shiladi, natijada qanday hodisalar kuzatilganini xulosangizga yozing.
   
2. 
   Natriy xlorid tuzini aniqlash uchun ham kumush nitrat tuzidan foydalanamiz. Kuzatilgan hodisani xulosangizga yozing.
   
3. 
   Natriy yodid tuzini qo’rg’oshin nitrat tuzi eritmasi yordamida aniqlash mumkin. Eritmalarni o’zaro aralashtiring va kuzatilgan hodisani tushuntiring.
   
4. 
   Quyidagi usullarda rux xloridi tuzini olish mumkin; Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2 ZnO+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2O ZnCO3+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2O+CO2 ZnSO4+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2SO4
   
5. 
   Bu tuzni ham kumush nitrat eritmasi yordamida aniqlash mumkin.. kuzatilgan hodisani xulosangizga yozing.
   
6. 
   Bu tuzlarni xlorid kislota yordamida aniqlash mumkin. Ikkisiga ham kislotadan tomizib ko’ring va kuzatilgan hodisani xulosangizga yozing.
   

Xulosa:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sana___________
8-“____” sinf o’quvchisi ________________________
2-Amaliy mashg’ulot.
Mavzu: Oltingugurt mavzusi bo’yicha tajribaviy masalalar yechish.
Maqsad: Oltingugurt va uning birikmalarining xossalari bilan tanishish.
Kerakli jihoz va reaktivlar: Sulfat kislota, BaCl2 tuzi eritmasi, Na2S eritmasi, qo’rg’oshin nitrat eritmasi. Oltingugurt kukuni, Etil spirti, Sirka etil efiri, indikatorlar, distrlangan suv, kimyoviy stakanlar va kolbalar.
Quyidagi topshiriqlarni bajaring:

1. 
   Sulfid ioniga xos sifat reaksiya o’tkazing
   
2. 
   Sulfat ionini tajriba yo’li bilan cho’ktiring.
   
3. 
   Sulfat kislotaning indikatorlarda qanday ranga kiradi?
   
4. 
   Oltingugurtning turli erituvchilarda eruvchanligini kuzating. Flotatsiya jarayonini tushuntiring.
   

Ishning borishi:

1. 
   Sulfid ioniga sifat reaksiya qo’rg’oshin tuzlari hisoblanadi. Bu tajribani o’tkazish uchun, natriy sulfide eritlasiga qo’rg’oshin nitrat eritmasidan qo’shing va kuzatilgan hodisani tushuntiring.
   
2. 
   Bu tajriba uchun Bariy xlorid tuzi eritmasi va sulfat kislota eritmasi kerak bo’ladi. Stakanga bariy xlorid eritmasidan quyamiz va ustiga sulfat kislotadan ozroq quyganimizda sulfat ioni bariy sulfat tuzi shaklida cho;kmaga tushadi. Qanday rangli cho’kma hosil bo’lganini xulosangizga yozing.
   
3. 
   Sulfat kislotaga xar xil indikatorlardan tomizib ko’ring va natijani xulosangizga yozing.
   
4. 
   3ta nomerlangan stakanga 3xil erituvchidan quying: 1-siga suv, 2-siga etil spirit va 3-siga sirka etil efiridan quying. Ularning har biriga oltingugurt kukunidan soling. Oltingugurt qaysi erituvchilarda yaxshi eridi, qaysi stakanda flotatsiya jarayoni yuz berdi? Xulosangizga yozing
   

Xulosa:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________