70 years ago, on February 13, 1940, Mikhail Bulgakov finished his novel The Master and Margarita. Mikhail Bulgakov wrote his novel The Master and Margarita for a total of 12 years

70 years ago, on February 13, 1940, Mikhail Bulgakov finished his novel The Master and Margarita. Mikhail Bulgakov wrote his novel The Master and Margarita for a total of 12 years. The concept of the book gradually began to take shape. Bulgakov himself enumerated the time when work on the novel began in 1928 or 1929 in various manuscripts. It is known that the idea of ​​the novel came from the author in 1928, and in 1929 Bulgakov began writing the novel "Master and Margarita" (not yet named). After Bulgakov's death, eight editions of the novel remained in his archives. In the first edition of the novel The Master and Margarita, there were variants of the names "Black Wizard," "Engineer's Hoof," "Hoofed Juggler," "Boy B," and "Tour." The first edition of Chapter 15 of the novel was destroyed by the author himself on March 18, 1930, after receiving a message that the play The Tribe of Saints had been banned. The second edition of The Master and Margarita, created before 1936, contained the title "Fantastic Novel" and variants of the titles "Grand Chancellor", "Satan", "Here I am", "Straight Hat", "Fantastic Novel". "The Black Theologian", "He Appeared", "The Stranger's Horseshoe", "He Appeared", "The Coming Man", "The Black Magician" and "The Counselor's Hoof". In the second edition of the novel, "Margarita and the Master" had already appeared, and Woland had his own officers. The third edition of the novel, which began in the second half of 1936 or 1937, was originally called The Prince of Darkness. In 1937, the writer, who once again returned to the beginning of the novel, first wrote the title "Master and Margarita" on the title page, which was final, setting the years 1928-1937, and no longer left work on it. In May-June 1938, the full text of the novel was republished for the first time, and the author's editing lasted almost until the writer's death. In 1939, significant changes were made to the end of the novel and an epilogue was added. But then Bulgakov, who fell ill, ordered his wife, Elena Sergeevna, to make corrections to the text. The wide range of additions and additions in the first part and the beginning of the second part indicate that little work had to be done after that, but the author did not have time to complete it. Four weeks before Bulgakov's death, on February 13, 1940, he stopped working on the novel. The novel was written in 1937 by Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. The novel is an unfinished work because the writer died without finishing it. The author began working on this work in 1928. In 1966-1967, the first edition of the work was published in abbreviated form. My favorite book is Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita. Good and evil are inseparable; when people stop doing good, evil will appear instead. It is the absence of light, the shadow that replaces it. In Bulgakov's novel, two opposing forces are concentrated in the images of Woland and Yeshua. The author argues that the participation of these abstract categories in life is always relevant and important, that Yeshua is in the farthest period from us, in the pages of the Master novel, and Woland - in the present. Yeshua preaches, telling people about the world, his ideas and insights about its creation. He is then tried by a Jewish prosecutor for openly expressing his views. His death is not a victory of evil over good, but a betrayal of good, because Pilate could not do the right thing, which means he opened the door to evil. Ha-Nozri dies unbroken and undefeated, his spirit retaining light against the darkness of Pontius Pilate's cowardly movement. The demon called to evil comes to Moscow and sees that in that case the hearts of the people are filled with darkness. He can only condemn and ridicule them; Woland cannot create judgment in any other way because of his dark nature. But he is not inciting people to sin, nor is he forcing evil on them in order to overcome good. According to Bulgakov, the devil is not absolute darkness, he does justice, which is very difficult to consider a bad deed. This is one of the main ideas of Bulgakov described in The Master and Margarita - no one, except the man himself, can force him to act in one way or another, the choice of good or evil depends on him. You can also talk about the relativity of good and evil. And good people are wrong, cowardly, selfish. So the master surrenders and burns his novel, and Margarita ruthlessly avenges the critic Latunsky. However, kindness is not in making mistakes, but in constantly striving for light and correcting them. Therefore, forgiveness and peace await the couple in love. The meaning of the novel There are many interpretations of the meaning of this work. Of course he can't speak clearly. At the heart of the novel lies the eternal struggle between good and evil. As the author understands, these two components are equally present in nature and in the human heart. This explains the appearance of Yeshua, who believed in the accumulation of evil and natural human kindness, according to Woland. Light and darkness are inextricably linked, constantly interacting with each other, and it is no longer possible to draw clear boundaries. Woland punishes people according to the laws of justice and Yeshua forgives them. This is the balance. The struggle only happens directly for human souls. Man’s need for light flows like a red thread throughout the story. Only in this way can true freedom be achieved.