Зministry of higher and secondary

CONCLUSION

It is more comfortable for people not to talk about unpleasant or embarrassing topics directly. The effort to be polite makes them replace offensive words by more acceptable ones. The purpose of the use of euphemisms is to avoid unsuitable words in order not to offend hearer. There are different views that are given by linguists about euphemism. Some of them think that euphemism helps to decorate and soften the language. Moreover, it can be a way of making polite atmosphere with your partner. On the other hand, there are another group of linguist that argues that euphemisms are dishonest expressions. According to them, the purpose of euphemisms is to conceal true essence of speech. Speaker refers to a subject using circuits and real subject is hidden. There might be doubts on the side of the audience, because there is a chance that they do not understand the meaning properly.

In conclusion, the use of euphemisms in speech often depends on the values, norms of etiquette and social culture established in a particular society by the norms of speech. Euphemisms are a linguistic and socio-cultural phenomenon with a long history in terms of origin. Learning euphemisms eliminates the complications, misunderstandings that arise in the process of intercultural communication and ensures that communication is successful and productive. Thus, euphemisms can and should be the subject to study not only philology and linguistics, but also culturology, because in our time, more and more people possess an aggressive behavior. Since it is difficult to imagine the future a man who ignores the requirements of tact, politeness, warning to others, decency, rules of behavior, etiquette.
This course paper aimed to do research on theoretical part of euphemisms in English and their used English newespapaer texts. In the first chapter, conceptual features of euphemism, its relation and differences with other stylistic devices and of study of euphemisms style worked on.
Euphemism depends largely on the social context of the speakers and writers, where they feel the need to replace certain words that may prove embarrassing for particular listeners or readers in a particular situation. Using longer words or phrases can also mask unpleasant words, such as perspiration (sweat), or mentally challenged (stupid). Euphemism helps writers convey those
ideas that have become a social taboo, and are too embarrassing to mention directly. Writers skillfully choose appropriate words to refer to and discuss a subject indirectly that otherwise might not published due to strict social censorship, such as for reasons of religious fanaticism, political theories, sexuality, and death. Thus, euphemism is a useful tool that allows writers to write figuratively about the difficult issues.
In the second chapter importance of euphemism in English newspaper texts with classification and its analaysis of euphemisms used in English newspaper texts. The main concern of analysis is to determine appropriate translation methods for the widest possible range of texts 3 and to give insight into the translation process, into the relations between thought and language, culture and speech.
There are several aspects of this branch of linguistics:

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  General theory of analysis, whose object is general information and style in English newspaper texts.
  
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  Specific theory of analysis that deals with the regularities of analysis characteristic of particular languages - for example, used euphemisms in English newspaper texts.
  
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  Special (partial) theory of analysis attention to texts of English newspapers, specific peculiarities of euphemisms used in publitcistic style.
  

RESYUME

Jamiyatda insonlar uchun yoqimsiz yoki noqulay mavzular haqida to'g'ridan- to'g'ri gaplashmaslik odobdan hisoblanadi. Xushmuomalalik bilan qilinadigan sa'y- harakatlar ularni haqoratomuz so'zlarni maqbul so'zlar bilan almashtiradi.

Evfemizmlardan foydalanish maqsadi tinglovchilarni xafa qilmaslik uchun qo’pol so'zlardan qochishdir. Evfemizm haqida tilshunoslar tomonidan turli xil qarashlar mavjud. Ulardan ba'zilari evfemizm tilni bezatishga va yumshatishga yordam beradi deb o'ylashadi. Bundan tashqari, bu sizning sherigingiz bilan xushmuomalalik muhitini yaratishning bir usuli bo'lishi mumkin. Boshqa tomondan, tilshunoslarning yana bir guruhi borki, ular evfemizmlarni “noto’g’ri iboralar” – deb ta’kidlaydilar. Ularga ko'ra, evfemizmlarning maqsadi nutqning asl mohiyatini yashirish va asosan haqiqiy ma’noni yo’qotishga urinadilar.
Tinglovchilar ushbu suhbatdagi so’zlarning asl mohiyatini tushunmasliklari
mumkin.
Tilshunos olim Enrayt fikrlariga ko'ra, evfemizm so'zi yunon tilidan kelib chiqqan bo'lib, bu erda yaxshi gapirishni anglatadi. Avvalo, evfemizm faqat tabu iboralarini almashtirish uchun ishlatiladigan oddiyroq atama edi. Keyinchalik, evfemizmdan foydalanish har qanday qo'pol, haqoratli, uyatchan yoki boshqa noma'lum atamalar uchun kengaytirildi. Odamlarni evfemizmdan foydalanishga majbur qilgan eng qadimgi ijtimoiy tabular din yoki o'lim kabi qo'rquv va hurmatdan xoli joylarda bo'lgan.
Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi ingliz tilidagi evfemizmning qo’llanilishi va uning o’zbek tiliga tarjima qilinishini o’rganish.
Birinchi bo'limda evfemizmning kontseptual xususiyatlari, uning boshqa stilistik vositalar bilan o'zaro aloqalari va farqlari hamda evfemizmni o'rganishda diaxronik yondashuvlar ko'rib chiqilgan. Evfemizm ko'p jihatdan ma'ruzachilar va yozuvchilarning ijtimoiy kontekstiga bog'liq bo'lib, ular muayyan vaziyatda muayyan tinglovchilar yoki o'quvchilarni xijolatga soladigan ba'zi so'zlarni almashtirish zarurligini sezishadi. Uzunroq so'zlar yoki iboralarni ishlatish ham ter
(ter) yoki aqliy zaif (ahmoq) kabi yoqimsiz so'zlarni niqoblashi ham mumkin.
Evfemizm yozuvchilarga ijtimoiy tabuaga aylangan va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri aytib berishdan xijolatli bo'lgan g'oyalarni etkazishga yordam beradi. Yozuvchilar bilvosita biron-bir mavzuni muhokama qilish va muhokama qilish uchun tegishli so'zlarni mohirlik bilan tanlaydilar, aks holda ular diniy fanatizm, siyosiy nazariyalar, shahvoniylik va o'lim sabablari kabi qattiq ijtimoiy senzura tufayli nashr etilishi mumkin emas. Shunday qilib, evfemizm - bu yozuvchilarga qiyin mavzular haqida majoziy yozishga imkon beradigan foydali vositadir.
Ikkinchi bobda evfemizmlarning nazariyasi va uning xususiyatlari bilan bog'liq holatlar ko'rib chiqiladi. Evefizmlarning ifodalanish nazariyasining asosiy maqsadi gazeta matinlarida foydalanish keng doirasi uchun mos keladigan evefizmlar usullarini aniqlash va tarjima jarayoni, fikr va til, madaniyat va nutq o'rtasidagi munosabatlar haqida tushuncha berishdir. Tilshunoslikning ushbu sohasining bir necha jihatlari mavjud:

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  Tarjimaning umumiy nazariyasi, uning ob'ekti har qanday tildan tarjimaga xos bo'lgan umumiy tushunchalar.
  

• Turli registrlar va janrlardagi matnlarga e'tibor beradigan jarayonlar xisoblanadi maxsus (qisman) nazariyasi.