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Teaching Aids
TA make learning more effective both at the elementary and the higher level.
TA importance depends on their contribution to the learning process.
TA function is not to make the lesson colourful, or to
demonstrate the teacher's versatility either in constructing or handling them, but to make learniT.g effective [Bryne, 1981].
- TA arouse the interest of the learners and motivate them to learn faster.
- TA create a lively atmosphere in the classroom. This results in the total participation of the learners.
- TA give a clear context for teaching the language.
- TA bring learners in a direct contact with the object. This helps in understanding the meaning.
Different materials used for helping teacher in organization and conducting teaching and upbringing process are called teaching means.
TEXTBOOKS ARE THE OLDEST TEACHING AIDS.
TEXTBOOKS consolidate the oral work done by the teacher.
TEXTBOOKS present the desired linguistic material in a systematic way.
TEXTBOOKS provide the learners an opportunity to use the language.
TEXTBOOKS can be the starting points of the learning process.
A teacher must remember that the text is not an end in itself but is a means to reach the end of learning the language.
BLACKBOARD: No classroom can be imagined without a blackboard.
It is not an aid but teacher's main support.
It is a very useful and easily available teaching aid.
It gives focal point of attention for the whole class.
It can be used to teach different language items i.e. vocabulary, phrases and sentence patterns, substitution tables, short questions to test comprehension, guidelines for composition etc.
The teacher's handwriting should be legible and the drawings on the board should be visible to the learners sitting on the last bench. Unwanted material should be rubbed off immediately as it may distract the learners' attention.
The teacher can also use multi-coloured chalks to draw pictures and sketches.
MAPS are also very important aids to teach the functional aspects of the language.
They are ideal for giving directions of place. This can be a very good pair/group work activity performed through role-play. The teacher should give them interesting situations for inviting each other to a party. The party can be for birthday/silver jubilee marriage anniversary of parents/engagement party of sister/house warming etc. Here, the learners have to give the directions to reach to the venue of the party.
One learner gives the instructions and the other draws the map. This can be a very good information transfer exercise.

In a language laboratory, each learner has his own tape recorder. The tape recorder is equipped with headphones. They help the learner to listen to the material recorded in the tape.

The biggest advantage of this device is that the learner learns the language at his own pace and time without disturbing the class [Dakin: 1973].
Through a microphone, slhe can record his! her voice and can play back the recording to check the mistakes by comparing hislher voice with the model version recorded in the tape. There is a connecting channel between the teacher and the learners. From the teacher's support, slhe can listen to each learner's voice and communicate with himlher without disturbing the others.
Teaching means include programs, course books, manuals, and different school equipment served for didactic functions.
Teaching means are divided into technical and non technical.
Technical means involves:

1. 
   audio/video tape recorder
   
2. 
   TV set
   
3. 
   PC, mobile phone, notebook, etc.
   
4. 
   Lingual room
   
5. 
   CD, DVD.
   

Non technical means are:
1. Programs.
2. Course books.
3. Plans.
4. Manuals.
5. Visual aids (pictures, tables, posters, etc.)
6. Handouts (cards, pictures, etc.).