Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети инглиз тили назарий аспектлари №1

Pragmatc meaning is a component of connotational meaning bound to the circumstances of the communication and reflecting the choice of the word depending on the conditions and participants of the intercourse.
Changes of lexical meaning occur in the course of the historical development of language due to extralinguistic and linguistic reasons.
Semantic structure is the arranged set of all the meanings of a word, represented by lexico-semantic variants (or sememes).
There are two kinds of association involved in semantic changes, namely: a) similarity of meanings, and b) contiguity of meanings.