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Return of Sultan Jalaluddin to Iran 
With only two years of struggle in India, Sultan Jalaluddin Khwarizam Shah established a 
vast empire from the Jhelum River region to the Arabian Sea that no other ruler could have 
established even after years of hard work. But Sultan Jalaluddin's aim was not only patriotism 
and power but also to protect the Islamic world from the Mongols. By further expanding his 
empire established in India, he could rule here comfortably but he was observing the atrocities 
that the Islamic world was suffering by the hands of the Mongols. It was very important to stop 
the rising flood of Mongols and at that time there was no ruler of the Islamic world except Sultan 
Jalaluddin who could stop this flood of Mongols. Sultan Jalaluddin Khuwarizam Shah was like 
the last rock in front of the Mongols. Sultan Jalaluddin's Indian Empire was out of from the 

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Mongol invasion and he could not stop the Mongols by staying here, and at the same time a 
Mongol army wreaked havoc in Khorasan, Persia and Iraq and no one was able to stop them. The 
scattered Khuwarizami soldiers would not have been able to stand in their way without the 
Sultan. In view of all these circumstances, Sultan Jalaluddin intended to return from India. Sultan 
Jalaluddin appointed Uzbek Jahan Pahlawan as his deputy in the Indian Empire with a part of his 
army and he marched to Iran and Iraq with the rest of his army and commanders [Ibn Khuldun. 
6]. Sultan Jalaluddin marched towards Iran via Makran and Kerman. He had about ten thousand 
soldiers under his command. Ibn Khuldon and Shahabuddin Al-Naswi describes the sufferings 
and hardships of this journey as follows―Sultan Jalaluddin and his companions left India. During 
the journey to Kerman, there were many hardships that they forgot all their previous troubles and 
it brought them to the brink of death. When the Sultan reached Kerman on this journey, he had 
only six thousand soldiers under his leadership and the rest of lost their lives in the way‖[An-
Nasawi. 2], [Ibn Khuldun. 6]. 
Arriving in Iran, Sultan Jalaluddin Khuwarizam Shah re-established his empire on new 
foundations, destroyed the stronghold of the traitors and fought many battles against the 
Mongols on the lands of Iran and Iraq. After the Sultan's return, the Mongol forces did not dare 
to invade the Islamic world again. During this time, the Sultan subdued the esoteric Ismailis as 
well as launched several campaigns against the Christians of Azerbaijan and Georgia [Ibn 
Khuldun. 6]. His empire spread from the Indus coast to Iran and Azerbaijan, but the rest of the 
rulers of the Islamic world began to see the Sultan as a threat to their future. An alliance was 
formed between the rulers of Syria, Egypt and the Seljuks against the Sultan, and they attacked 
on Sultan Jalaluddin in the battle of Yasi Cheman in 1230[An-Nasawi. 2]. The power of the 
Sultan diminished in the battle of Yasi Cheman and the Mongols took advantage of this 
opportunity and attacked Sultan Jalaluddin. Sultan Jalaluddin made many efforts to unite the 
Muslim rulers but no meaningful answer was forthcoming and finally this last hope of the 
Muslim world was extinguished, 1231 is said to be the year of martyrdom or disappearance of 
Sultan Jalaluddin Khawarizam Shah [Ibn Athir. 1]. Allama Ibn Athir describes the plight of the 
Islamic world after Sultan Jalaluddin Khawarizam Shahas follows: 
―The Mongols returned safely after killing in Erbil, Kirkhini and Daquqa without fear of 
anyone. Not a single cavalryman stood in their way. They did whatever they wanted in 
Diyarbakir, Al Jazeera, Erbil and Khalat. No one stopped them. No one could stand in front of 
them. The sultans of Islam are stuck in the bills. And on top of that, receiving good news from 
Jalaluddin has also been cut off‖ [Ibn Athir, 1].