Ўзбекистон иқтисодчилари XIII форуми

EKSPORTGA YO'NALTIRILGAN SIYOSATNING XORIJIY TAJRIBASI: KOREYA 
RESPUBLIKASI MISOLIDA
 
 
Munisa Turdibaeva
,
TXVU doktoranti, 
E-mail: [e-mail] 
 
Аннотация: 
ushbu maqolada Koreya Respublikasining iqtisodiy siyosatning eksportga 
yo'naltirilgan modelini joriy etish tajribasi yoritilgan. Muallif Koreya iqtisodiyotining rivojlanishiga sezilarli 
ta'sir ko'rsatgan asosiy omillarni aniqlab beradi va O'zbekiston iqtisodiy siyosatchilariga qaratilgan 
tavsiyalar bilan ushbu modelning asosiy xususiyatlari to'g'risida xulosa chiqaradi. 
Kalit so'zlar:
Koreya iqtisodiyoti, iqtisodiy siyosat, eksportga yo'naltirish modeli, import o'rnini 
bosish, tashqi savdoni rag'batlantirish, investitsiyalarni jalb qilish.
 
For the analysis, we should select a small country that at the beginning of its development in a 
population size, as well as in many other parameters, was close to Uzbekistan, and has achieved tremendous 
success in the implementation of an export-oriented policy. History shows that industrialized countries first 
implemented import substitution policies and then replaced them with export-oriented policies. Albert 
Hirschman identifies four prerequisites for launching import substitution processes: a) wars and the resulting 
rupture of foreign trade ties; b) problems with the balance of payments; c) growth of the domestic market 
(often as a result of export expansion); d) the official policy of the state for economic development [1].
Before the introduction of the export-oriented model, in 1961, the GDP per capita in the Republic of 
Korea was approximately $ 94, while, for example, in Ghana it was more than twice as much, i.e. was equal 
to $ 190. However, by 1970, these indicators were almost equal, and in 1975, GDP per capita in South Korea 
was equal to $ 617, whereas in Ghana it remained at the same level, i.e. $ 281. Currently, this figure for 
South Korea exceeds $ 30 thousand, and Ghana still remains an underdeveloped country. 
The Korean War significantly undermined the economic potential of the Republic of Korea. Only in 
the first year of the war (1950), the country's industry suffered $ 354 million in damage, up to 43% of all 
production facilities, 41% of power generation facilities, 50% of coal mining enterprises were destroyed, and 
taking into account the destruction in the public sector, transport, as well as housing, the total amount of 
losses for the state economy amounted to about $ 1.8 billion [2].