o'tk azish im k o n in i beradi. G rad iy en t o p tik e le m e n tla r — grad an lar a so sid a yaratilgan en d o sk o p la r a lo h id a q iz iq ish u yg'ota d i. U la r sh ish a n in g hajm i b o'yich a nur o 'tk azish ko'rsatkichining bir tekisd a taqsim lanm asligi b ilan tavsiflan ad i. G r a d iy e n tli o p tik a ta s v im i u za tu v ch i o p tik tizim lard an fo y d a la n ila d i. B u n d a g ra d a n la m in g o p tik tavsiflarga q o'y ila d ig a n talablar b osh q alarga nisb atan a n c h a yuqori. G radiyentli e le m e n tla m in g asosiy ustuvorligi shun d an iboratki, e n d o sk o p n in g o p tik t iz im in i ta sh k il e tu v c h i b ir n e c h a o 'n ta m ik ro lin zalam i atigi ikkita gradan bilan alm ash tirish m u m k in . 1 m m d ia m etr li grad iy en tli e le m e n tla r a so sid a “ O ly m p u s” (Y a p o n iy a ) firm asi is h c h i q ism i 1,7 va 2 ,7 m m d ia m etrg a h a m d a ish ch i q ism in in g u zu n lig i 110 va 170 m m b o 'lg a n q attiq en d o sk o p ( m in ib o r o s k o p )la r is h la b c h iq a r m o q d a . U s h b u e n d o s k o p la r yoritkich jgu tin i oshirish hisob iga erishiladigan ish c h i m a yd on in in g