З. И. Вайнштейн Л. С. Плебейская

1. Give the words of the close meaning: an end, to use, former, a
shortage, a recovery, to damage, having connection with. 2. Give the words
of the opposite meaning: to evacuate, an outcome, artificial, favourable, pre-
vious, to connect, relative.

Translate the following word combinations:

1) жизненная емкость легких; 2) природный иммунитет; 3) искус-
ственный иммунитет: 4) при различных условиях; 5) последующие
инфекции; 6) предыдущий приступ; 7) достаточное количество;

7. 
   вводить вакцину подкожно; 9) предупреждать распространение
   бактерий; 10) вызывать лейкоцитоз; 11) поражать жизненные органы;
   12) активная сопротивляемость.
   

9. 
   Make up the sentences choosing the appropriate subject:
   

was always and still is one of the most
common and fatal diseases of the tropics,
is characterized by persisting temperature
which varies slightly during the night. ' .
fever in children, the weak and the aged is
influenced more favourably by warm, moist air.
who had injured his right arm and had several deep
wounds on it was injected 1,500 units of antitetanic
(противостолбнячная) serum.

10. 
    Answer the following questions: ^Л
    

1. What are infections caused by? 2. What is immunity? 3. What are toxins?

2. 
   What are antitoxins? 5. How can artificial immunity be produced? 6. What role do phagocytes play in the human body? 7. What are vaccines used for?
   

2. 
   What is sepsis? 9. What analysis is performed to confirm the evidence of diphtheria? 10. What is a severe case of diphtheria characterized by?
   

11. 
    Translate the following sentences:
    

1. If the resistance of the organism to infections were insufficient, any man would suffer from numerous infectious diseases. 2. The physician wan

The patient Malaria Continuous Bronchitis

Unit 5. Infectious Diseases

245

ted to know if the patient had been given diphtheria vaccination previously.

2. 
   If the man is operated on for appendicitis, he is given local anaesthesia.
   
3. 
   If he had not been ill with diphtheria, the membrane would not have extended over the tonsils, pharynx and larynx.
   

12. 
    Translate the following using the Subjunctive Mood:
    

На вашем месте...
1) я бы ввел это лекарство подкожно; 2) я бы применил вакцинацию в этом случае; 3) я бы исследовал, как размножаются патогенные микроорганизмы.

13. 
    Read Text F and retell it:
    

Text F. Edward Jenner
Edward ['edwad] Jenner ['cfeena] was born in 1749. He was an English physician, the discoverer of vaccination. Jenner studied medicine in London. He began practice in 1773 when he was twenty-four years old.
Edward Jenner liked to observe and investigate ever since he was a boy. His persistent scientific work resulted in the discovery of vaccination against smallpox. For many years every infant when it was about a year old was vaccinated against this disease. The vaccination was effective for a prolonged period of time. Now vaccination against smallpox is not carried out because this disease has been stamped out (искоренять) in our country.
In Jenner’s days one out of every five persons in London carried the marks of this disease on his face. But there were few people who recovered from the disease, because in the 18th century smallpox was one of the main causes of death.
The disease had been common for centuries in many countries of Asia. The Turks (турки) had discovered that a person could be prevented from a serious attack of smallpox by being infected with a mild form of the disease.
One day Jenner heard a woman say: “I cannot catch smallpox, I’ve had the cowpox (телячья оспа).” That moment led to Jenner’s continuous investigations and experiments.
The first child whom Jenner introduced the substance from cowpox vesicles ['vesiklz] (пузырек) obtained from the wound of a diseased woman was Jimmy Phipps. It was in 1796. For the following two years Jenner continued his experiments. In 1798 he published the report on his discovery. He called his new method of preventing smallpox “vaccination”, from the Latin word vacca, that is “a cow”.

246

Cycle VI. Diseases

At first people paid no attention to his discovery. One doctor even said that vaccination might cause people to develop cow’s faces.
But very soon there was no part of the world that had not taken up vaccination. Thousands of people were given vaccination and smallpox began to disappear as if by magic.

CYCLE VII. PUBLIC HEALTH