Yusupov Oybek Nematjonovich Ahmedova Nigora Shavkatovna

 
Chiasmus
(
Reversed Parallel Construction
) from Greek [cross arrangement] 
- is based on repetition of syntactical patterns, but it has a reversed order in one of the 

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utterances[52:49]. i.e. one of the sentences is inverted as compared to that of the 
second sentence: SPO-OPS. 
Down dropped the breeze, 
The sails dropped down. (Coleridge) e.g. The public wants a thing, therefore it 
is supplied with it, or if it is supplied with a thing, it wants it. (Thackeray). 
Chiasmus is sometimes achieved by a sudden change from active voice to 
passive or vice versa. It brings in some new shade of meaning or additional emphasis 
on the second part. 
Chiasmus belongs to the group of stylistic devices based on the repetition of a 
syntactical pattern, but it has cross order of words and phrases. The structure of two 
successive sentences or parts of a sentence may be described as reversed parallel 
construction, the word order of one of the sentences being inverted as compared to 
that of the other, i.e. if the first has a direct word order, the second sentence has an 
indirect word order: 
“They had accepted their failure. Their fate they couldn’t accept”
(Byron). 
We distinguish between lexical and syntactical chiasmus. Here is the example of 
lexical chiasmus: 
“Experience is the child of Thought and Thought is the child of action.”
(A. 
Pope).
There is no inversion here. Both parts have direct word order. 
Syntactical chiasmus is used to break up parallel constructions which are 
monotonous. It brings emphasis on the second part, the inverted part of the utterance. 
Close analysis show that the first part of chiasmus is not completed, the reader 
anticipates the continuation and this completion of the idea is given in the second part. 
“There is a great deal of difference between the eager man who wants to read a 
book, and the tired man who wants a book to read.”
(G. Cherterton)
The stylistic function of chiasmus is to attract the reader’s attention to the most 
important part of the utterance. 

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Uzbek example: 
Ba’zilarday emasman chaqqon, Chaqqonlik ham kelmas 
qo‘limdan
(O