Yusupov Oybek Nematjonovich Ahmedova Nigora Shavkatovna


Simile –  Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow (J. Dryden).  Repetition



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Simile
– 
Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow
(J. Dryden). 
Repetition

All for one, one for al 
.(A. Duma).
Litotes
– 
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm
(W. 
Emerson). 


68 
Irony
– 
A bank is a place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather 
and ask for back when it begins to rain
(R. Frost). 
Periphrasis
– 
The black flower of civilized society, a prison
(N. 
Hawthorn). 
Enumeration 
– 
Love and business and family and relation are art and 
patriotism are nothing but shadows of words when a man’s starving
(O. Henry)[67].
Questions for discussion: 
1.
Speak about the stylistic device of epigram? 
2.
What is the difference between epigram and a proverb? 
3.
Why do writers use epigrams? 
4.
What happens to an epigram when it is often use in a language? 
 
CONTENTS
 


69 
4.
 
Quotations 
A quotation is a repetition of a phrase or statement from a book, speech and the 
like. By repeating a passage in a new environment, we attach to the utterance an 
importance which doesn’t exist in the context [64]. What is quoted must be worth 
quoting, since a quotation will inevitably acquire some degree of generalization. If 
repeated frequently, it may be recognized as an epigram, if, of course, it has some of 
the linguistic properties of the latter. 
Quotations are usually marked off in the text by inverted commas (“ ”), dashes ( -), 
italics or other graphical means. 
They are mostly used accompanied by a reference to the author of the quotation, 
unless he is well-known to the reader or audience. The reference is made either in the 
text or in a foot-note and assumes various forms, as for instance; “
As (so and so) has 
it”; “(So and so )once said that” … “Here we quote (so and so)”. 
Quotations, unlike epigrams, need not necessarily be short. A whole paragraph or a 
long passage may be quoted if it suits the purpose. 
There is an example of the use of a quotation[67]: 
Socrates said, our only knowledge was 
“To know that nothing could be known” a pleasant 
Science enough, which levels to an as 
Each man of Wisdom, future, past or present
(Byron).
Quotations are used as a stylistic device with the aim of expending the meaning 
of the sentence quoted and setting two meanings one against the other, thus modifying 
in the belles – letters style. Quotations used in other styles of speech allow no 
modifications of meaning. 
Quotations are also used in epigrams. The quotation in this case possesses great 
associative power and calls forth much connotative meaning.

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