Yevropa Ittifoqi Vikipediyadan, bepul entsiklopediyadan

Pul birligi va moliyaviy xizmatlar
Asosiy maqolalar: Evro hududi , Evropa Ittifoqining iqtisodiy va pul birligi , Banklar ittifoqi va Euro Stoxx 50


Chap: Evropa Markaziy banki joy doirasida Frankfurt moliyaviy tumanida. O'ng: Evropa Ittifoqiga a'zo 28 davlatdan 19 tasi evroni qonuniy to'lov vositasi sifatida qabul qildi . Evro (to'q ko'k) 340 million kishini tashkil etadi. Evro dunyodagi ikkinchi eng katta zaxira valyutasi va dunyoda eng ko'p sotiladigan valyuta .
The creation of a European single currency became an official objective of the European Economic Community in 1969. In 1992, having negotiated the structure and procedures of a currency union, the member states signed the Maastricht Treaty and were legally bound to fulfil the agreed-on rules including the convergence criteria if they wanted to join the monetary union. The states wanting to participate had first to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
1999 yilda valyuta ittifoqi birinchi bo'lib o'n bitta a'zo-davlatlarni qo'shgan holda hisob-kitob valyutasi sifatida ish boshladi . Evro hududida 2002 yildagi pul birligi va tangalar muomalaga chiqarilganda va milliy valutalar Evro hududida muomalada bo'la boshlaganida, unga 12 a'zo davlatlar kirgan edi. Evro hududi (Evroni qabul qilgan Evropa Ittifoqiga a'zo davlatlar tomonidan tuzilgan) o'shandan beri 19 mamlakatga tarqaldi. ^[229] [ab]

Kristin Lagard , Evropa Markaziy banki prezidenti .
The euro, and the monetary policies of those who have adopted it in agreement with the EU, are under the control of the European Central Bank (ECB).^[230] The ECB is the central bank for the eurozone, and thus controls monetary policy in that area with an agenda to maintain price stability. It is at the centre of the European System of Central Banks, which comprehends all EU national central banks and is controlled by its General Council, consisting of the President of the ECB, who is appointed by the European Council, the Vice-President of the ECB, and the governors of the national central banks of all 28 EU member states.^[231]
Moliyaviy nazorat bo'yicha Evropa tizimi : uch organlari tomonidan bastalagan moliyaviy nazorat EI doirasida institutsional arxitektura bo'lgan Yevropa bank Vakolat , Evropa sug'urta va Mehnat pensiya Vakolat va Evropa qimmatli qog'ozlar va bozorlar Vakolat . Ushbu doirani to'ldirish uchun, shuningdek , ECB tomonidan javobgar bo'lgan Evropa tizimli xavf kengashi mavjud . Ushbu moliyaviy nazorat tizimining maqsadi Evropa Ittifoqining iqtisodiy barqarorligini ta'minlashdir. ^[232]
Pul ittifoqiga kirgandan keyin qo'shilgan davlatlarning moliyaviy muammolarga yoki inqirozga tushib qolishining oldini olish uchun ular Maastricht shartnomasida muhim moliyaviy majburiyatlar va tartiblarni bajarishlari, ayniqsa byudjet intizomi va yuqori iqtisodiy barqarorlikni namoyish etishlari kerak edi. davlatning ortiqcha tanqisligini oldini olish va davlat qarzini barqaror darajagacha cheklash.