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Present participles


The first type of participle is the present participle. The present participle is often referred to as the '-ing' form of the verb. Here are some examples of present participles in italics:
The sun was shining so I went for a walk.
The man speaking English is our teacher.
That movies was extremely exciting.

Past participles


Past participles are used in a similar manner to present participles. Here are some examples of past participles in italics:
He has flown to Chicago twice.
The broken spirited boy returned home without a prize.
That man looks lost.

Participles used as the main verb


Participles are used with auxiliary verbs in a variety of tenses. It is important to remember that the changes in the conjugation of the verb are made to the auxiliary verb. The participle form remains the same. 
Present participles are used for continuous (or progressive) tenses. These include the present continuous, past continuous and future continuous.
Present Continuous - They are watching TV at the moment.
Past Continuous - Mary was talking on the telephone when I came home.
Future Continuous - I'll be playing golf tomorrow at three o'clock.
Present Perfect Continuous - He has been working in the garden for twenty minutes.
Past Perfect Continuous - They had been waiting for thirty minutes when he finally arrived.
Future Perfect Continuous - Jack will have been studying for four hours by six o'clock.
Past participles are used with simple perfect tenses (continuous perfect or progressive perfect tenses take the participle 'been' + the present participle - have been playing, will have been working, etc.).
Present Perfect - She's already eaten lunch.
Past Perfect - They had left for California before she called.
Future Perfect - I will have bought the clothes by tomorrow evening.

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