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LESSON THREE: COHERENCE AND COHESION

Affirmation for you and for your students:

At the end of the lesson they:

• 
  Can write straightforward connected texts on a range of familiar subjects
  

within his field of interest, by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a

linear sequence.

• 
  Can participate in on-line or off-line computer conferences.
  

Study skills: overall written interaction correspondence notes, messages and forms
Exercise 1. Give students enough time to read the text about coherence. Discuss the meaning of the text with the whole class.

Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence. There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical cohesion which is based on structural content, and lexical cohesion which is based on lexical content and background knowledge. A cohesive text is created in many different ways. coherence - when the parts of something fit together in a natural or sensible way There was no coherence between the first and the second half of the film. cohesion - when the members of a group or society are united social/national cohesion The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election.

Draw students’ attention on the picture and let them find out how many items

there are. Have them decide if they are coherent and cohesive. Ask them to guess the meaning of ‘coherence’ and ‘cohesion’ in their writing? Let them

discuss in pairs and present the discussion results to the whole class.
Exercise 2. Ask the following question:

- What is coherence in lexis?

Lexical cohesion refers to the way in which related words are chosen to link

elements of a text. There are two forms: repetition and collocation. Repetition

uses the same word, or synonyms, antonyms, etc. For example, «Which dress

are you going to wear?» – «I will wear my green frock,» uses the synonyms

«dress» and «frock» for lexical cohesion. Collocation uses related words that

typically go together or tend to repeat the same meaning. An example is the

phrase «once upon a time».
Put students in pairs and ask them to look through the examples and explain

the coherence in lexis through the pictures.

Exercise 3. Ask students if they have understood the cohesive nouns. Let them give examples of cohesive nouns from the text.

Cohesive nouns are a kind of lexical reference. They can summarise many

words in one (e.g. «attitude», «solution», «difficulty»), and have been called

‘umbrella’ nouns for this reason. They are used to signal what is to come (e.g.

«the problem to be discussed...»), or can refer back (e.g. «The issue mentioned

above...»).

Exercise 4. Focus students’ attention on the photos. Encourage them to find the coherence as a reference examples in the photos. Let them present their findings with the whole class.