XORAZM MA
’
MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOMASI
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9/2020
157
Abstract.
The article discusses language and analyzes current research in sociolinguistics.
Key words:
sociolinguistics, society, language, variability.
Historically, sociolinguistics has emerged on the border of such Sciences as linguistics,
sociology, social psychology, Ethnography, and cultural studies.it represents the implementation of
the research principles of the sociological direction in linguistics at the present stage.
Sociolinguistics is a discipline that stands at the intersection of two Sciences. One of the tasks
of sociolinguistics is to define its boundaries. However, it is difficult to define clear boundaries of
sociolinguistics, since language as a whole is a social education. The foundation of sociolinguistics
creates an "inverse relationship between language and society": if language is generated by society,
then society cannot exist without language. A certain reverse linguistic determinism of society,
public institutions and institutions forms a general context in which sociolinguistics needs to
conduct research on its many problems and where there are prerequisites for maintaining the
sociolinguistic status of a separate linguistic discipline. Taking into account the duality of the object
of study of linguistics-the distinction between language and speech - sociolinguistics
opens up an
important theoretical and practical field of research, where the forms, types and types of
relationships between language and speech are studied in a social context.
Thus, the interdisciplinary status of sociolinguistics determines the dual nature of its subject,
as well as the two-sided nature of sociolinguistic research. Thus, the integrative nature of
sociolinguistics finds expression in the conceptual apparatus it uses. For example, a language group,
which is considered as the primary concept
of sociolinguistic research, is defined on the basis of
both social and linguistic characteristics.
The main units of sociolinguistic research are sociolinguistic variables that are characterized
by their correlation with a certain level of language structure: phonological, morphological,
syntactic, lexical and semantic, as well as with changes in the social structure or social situations.
And one of the most common problems that science studies is the problem of social differentiation
of language
at all levels of its structure, and in particular the nature of the relationships between
language and social structures
Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field that studies both language in its relation to society
and society in its relation to language. An interdisciplinary approach to solving sociolinguistic
problems "makes it possible to overcome the limitations of a widespread view of language and
society as objects external to each other and develop a metalanguage and theoretical apparatus for
describing and analyzing language and society in their close relationship, for studying language as a
social phenomenon interacting with other social phenomena.
Sociolinguistics should not be limited to simply collecting and describing facts, but also use
the entire modern
range of linguistic methods, which in many cases rely on formalization and
abstraction. "The last stages of the development of sociolinguistics has shown that she is following
this path. This is evidenced, in particular, by the development of one of the Central problems of
sociolinguistics -the problem of communicative competence associated
with the problem of
presuppositions. Focusing on the tasks of sociolinguistics, presuppositional analysis can be
performed not only in relation to individual sentences, but also in relation to texts. In structural
linguistics, one of the directions focuses attention primarily on the immanent (internal) properties of
the
language system as such, in distraction from its connections with man, society, thinking and
other factors. Of course, in the methodological aspect, it is possible to distract from extralinguistic
factors when describing a language system, but explaining this system only on the basis of its
internal laws is a very difficult task, since the existence of a language, its purpose and functio ns in
society are determined by social reasons.
The second approach seems to be the most correct. Recognizing
the social nature of the
language system itself, it is necessary to understand the different social conditionality of its
different layers. If the lexical moment reveals a clear connection with the life of society, then the
phonological "floor" is connected with it in a very indirect way. At the same time, it would be
wrong to find a direct connection between any linguistic fact and any social phenomena, although in
language
everything is social, as it can neither develop nor be used outside of society. All this
indicates the need for sociolinguistics.
The more successfully linguistics develops problems of language related to its mandatory
functions and its very social essence, the more attention it enjoys in society. Thus, using the results
of linguosociological research allows us to obtain the most tangible, objective data for a deeper
insight into the nature of the actual social characteristics of a particular human collective. The main
