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XORAZM MA
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MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOM
А
SI
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12/2020
218
Since in recent years the concept of tolerance has gained particular popularity, here, according to our
research, we have considered the strategies that are most often encountered in the genre of political interviews.
Key words: linguistic tolerance, political speech, political discourse, political interview, strategy,
political communication
In view of the fact that one of the main characteristics of the modern linguistic paradigm is
expansionism, more and more researchers are turning to the study of areas of knowledge adjacent to linguistics.
At present, in linguistics, one of the most interesting from our point of view is the study of political speech and
its various aspects. Obviously, the communication process plays a significant role in the activities of a
politician, since the main function of political communication is the struggle for power [4]. Political
communication reflects political reality and changes it. The concept of political communication has a number
of interpretations. According to M.N. Grachev, political commu
nication is “a set of processes of information
exchange, transmission of political information, structuring p
olitical activity and giving it new meaning” [2,
p. 24].
The main goal of political communication is to influence the addressee, which is realized within the
framework of political discourse. According to modern researchers, political discourse i
s “a multi
faceted and
multifaceted phenomenon” [3, p. 44], therefore there is no single correct definition of this term. Following
A.N. Baranov, we define political discourse as a set of "all speech acts used in political discussions, as well as
the rules of public policy, consecrated by tradition and tested by experience" [1, p. 6]. However, we note that
the analysis of political discourse includes both linguistic and extralinguistic factors.
Of particular interest for this study is such a genre of political discourse as political interviews. Political
interview is one of the most important forms of political communication, since it allows not only to convey
information, but also to some extent reveal the personality of a politician. A political interview has its own
genre specificity, where, on the one hand, the interviewer seeks to determine the views of the politician on any
events, to establish its significant features, and on the other hand, the politician, answering the questions of the
journalist, seeks to present information in a favorable light for himself.
Tolerance is realized with the help of various speech and linguistic means of harmonizing
communication, among which it is necessary to highlight a decrease in the categoricality of a statement, an
objection under the guise of consent, indirect criticism, speech support, etc.
Thus, tolerance satisfies the necessary conditions that characterize the communicative category, namely:
it has its own content in the form of a prescriptive and informational-content aspect, is in opposition to
intolerance, has a gradual character of manifestation and is realized with the help of certain speech and
linguistic means.
Among the categories that most closely interact with tolerance, one should highlight politeness and
political correctness. However, there are a number of differences between them.
Politeness and tolerance follow different requirements and postulates (respect for the personality of
another and the postulate “to do good to another” vs. respect for the
dissimilarity of another and the prohibition
to “do bad to another”; requirements of etiquette vs. requirements of ethics); are realized with the help of
different strategies (the strategy of convergence and distance versus the strategy of convergence), and the
means of their expression have different degrees of ritualization. In addition, the borrowed nature of tolerance
complicates the penetration of this communicative category into the communicative consciousness. Tolerance
has a larger number of spheres of application and more diverse ways of implementation than political
correctness, which allows us to consider political correctness as part of tolerance and talk about generic
relations between these categories. In addition, tolerance, in contrast to political correctness, does not have a
system of means of expression assigned to it.
Therefore, for successful communication, interview participants need to build communication from the
position of communicative cooperation. For effective communication, politicians tend to look to harmonizing
strategies and tactics. Along with the categories of politeness and mitigation, the communicative category of
tolerance is of particular importance.
As a rule, tolerance means tolerance for a different culture, faith, different norms, traditions and way of
life. Increasingly, this term is used in connection with politics. In the political sphere, the ability to prevent a
potentially conflict situation in the communication process is extremely important. Tolerance strategies allow
a politician to show his loyalty, reduce categorical statements and soften the negativity of statements.
The category of tolerance is implemented using various strategies and tactics. Following T.A.
Shapovalova, we single out the strategy of benevolence and the strategy of understatement [5], since these
strategies, according to our research, are found most often in the genre of political interviews.
The benevolence strategy allows communication participants to maintain a positive tone of
communication, to maintain friendly relations between the communicants. This strategy of tolerance can be
implemented using the following tactics as regret tactics as tactics for reducing categoricality.
The strategy of understatement is aimed at creating a visible informativeness of the statement, which
avoids a situation of potential conflict between the addressee and the audience. Thus, the addressee manages
to maintain a cooperative tone of communication and fill the information gap that has arisen.
The understatement strategy can be implemented through the following tactics:
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