Xidirova nargiza toshbadal qizi the concept "country" in english and uzbek proverbs and sayings

1.2 -§. Proverbs and sayings as a paremiological unit
Although much research has been done in the field of paremiology, the definitions given to the concept of proverbs and parables remain controversial among scholars and researchers. In this paragraph, we will try to limit these two types of paremas by referring to the definitions of paremas of the proverbial and proverbial types.
The Uzbek scholar SN Tursunov in his book "The role of folk wisdom in the upbringing of a harmoniously developed generation" defines the concept of wisdom as follows: means. This genre of folk art is called by different terms in both oral and written literature: proverbs, parables, parables, parables, parables, proverbs, sayings, sayings, aphorisms, proverbs, ancestral words, etc.¹⁵.
The scientific literature suggests the study of this type of parema in the context of phraseology, and in turn there are opposing views. In particular, scholars such as VV Vinogradov, AV Kunin include proverbs and sayings in phraseological units, while NI Amosova and AM Babkin deny the inclusion of proverbs and sayings in phraseological units. A.V.Kunin in the bookb“Фразеология современного английского языка” “Proverbs should be studied both in the context of folklore and in the context of phraseology. Only from a different point of view, because a proverb can only be a phraseology in a figurative sense” ¹⁶.
Since our research is not focused on the study of phraseology, we will try to limit the interrelationships of proverbs and parables by confining ourselves to these ideas about phrases.Proverbs can be seen to belong to linguistics, to folklore in terms of their artistic, expressive, and figurative character, as the expression of a concise, concise, and instructive thought in words. That is why linguists accept proverbs as a unit of language, and paremiologists accept them as a product of folklore.
Linguist BR Mengliev in his book "Modern Uzbek" limits the concepts of proverbs and sayings and describes them as follows: For example, To‘g‘ri o‘zadi, egri ozadi. Ko‘ngli qoraning yuzi qora. Proverbs live as a whole and are the spiritual wealth of a nation. Only in this respect are they evaluated as a linguistic possibility and have the characteristics of linguistic units. Most of the proverbs take the form of a compound sentence: 1. O‘zga yurtda shoh bo‘lguncha, o‘z yurtingda gado bo‘l. 2. Bekorchining beti yo‘q, qozon osar eti yo‘q. 3. Bodom po‘sti bilan, odam do‘sti bilan. 4. Kamtar bo‘lsang osh ko‘p, manman bo‘lsang, tosh ko‘p. Proverbs of the simple sentence type are also quite common in language: 1. Bir tariqdan bo‘tqa bo‘lmas. 2. Arg‘amchiga qil quvvat. 3. Beli og‘rimaganning non yeyishini ko‘r. Incomplete sentences are also common: 1. Arslon izidan qaytmas, yigit so‘zidan (qaytmas). 2.Oltin o‘tda bilinadi, odam mehnatda (bilinadi).
Sayings is also a stable compound in terms of availability. A proverb is a figurative expression that does not have the right meaning, a wise combination that does not have a complete form. For example, qizil qor yoqqanda, tuyaning dumi yerga yetganda, dumi xurjunda, ali desa vali deydi, berdisini aytguncha like this. The idea is fully expressed by adding another sentence to the proverb. For example, Berdisini aytguncha jim tur. Tuyaning dumi yerga yetganda qarzini to‘laydi ¹⁷.
B.M.Juraeva in her dissertation "Linguistic bases and pragmatic features of the formation of Uzbek folk proverbs" says: The proverb is used to convey information in speech, and the proverb is used as a means of conveying this information in vivid symbols, proving it, proving it. For example, proverb: Kutganga kun uzoq. Maqol: Tikilgan qozon qaynamas. Ochga tortgan kechga tortgan ¹⁸.
In the book "Uzbek folk oral poetic work" by K. Imamov and other authors, he describes proverbs and sayings as follows: While proverbs can be used in their own and figurative senses, proverbs are used only in a figurative sense. For example, if you are a farmer, drive in the fall; if you do not drive in the fall, the proverb of a hundred plows is used only in its own sense, while the proverb of a dry spoon tore the mouth is used in a figurative sense. The nose-rubbing cloth is always used only in a figurative sense¹⁹.
Linguists T.Mirzaev and B.Sarimsakov in the dictionary "Uzbek folk proverbs" describe proverbs and sayings as follows. 1) A proverb always means a clear, complete idea. This view is expressed as a firm, concise conclusion. It is based on a holistic composition consisting of two logical centers that allow the idea to be expressed succinctly and concisely. That is why there are no superfluous words in the article. Because the concise idea in the article itself is of great aesthetic value. The emergence of this essence always takes place through a concise artistic form. Such features are not visible in the material.
They are a figurative compound or an example; 2) It is characteristic for a proverb to express a certain idea in a logical sequence and in strict polarity. No matter what proverb you take, it always evaluates reality from either a sharply positive or a sharply negative point of view. This is why an artistic form with a two-part structure plays a leading role in expressing consistent logical polarity. This, in turn, paves the way for the rapid and widespread popularity of the proverb; 3) If the proverb is based on a complete idea, then the proverb is based on a beautiful, figurative, but incomplete expression. Consequently, the material has a compact, one-component composition; 4) Proverbs can be used in both their own and figurative senses. This feature expands the thematic scope of the articles, the scope of application. That is why the proverb is common among one or more peoples. Matals or other closed expressions, on the other hand, have a limit of local application and are never found in the context of inter-ethnic consumption; 5) If the proverb is a means of demonstration in speech, the proverb is used as a means of proof, as other folklorists have pointed out about their distinctive features²⁰.
In English, proverbs "proverb" and proverbs "saying" are closely related terms. Let us consider the views of English and world scholars on the subject.
According to the Macmillan Dictionary and Thesaurus: Free English Dictionary Online, “Proverb is a short well-known statement that gives practical advice about life.²¹ (Мақол – ҳаёт ҳақида амалий маслаҳатга эга қисқа ва яхши маълум бўлган фикрдир). Saying – a well-known statement about what often happens in life [Ibidem] (Матал – ҳаётда кўпинча юз берадиган ҳаммага яхши маълум бўлган фикр).
According to the “The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs”A proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and pithy manner²² . (Maqol - bu qisqa va sodda tarzda maslahat beradigan anʼanaviy gap).
According to the “Longman Dictionary of contemporary English” Proverb is a short well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true²³ (maslahat beradigan yoki umuman haqiqatni ifodalaydigan qisqa taniqli bayonot).
According to the “Merriam Webster of Proverbs online”  a short well-known saying containing a wise thought²⁴ (Dono fikrni o‘z ichiga olgan qisqa taniqli gap).
According to the “Collins English Dictionary online” a short, memorable, and often highly condensed saying embodying,with bold imagery,some commonplace fact or experience²⁵ (Qisqa, esda qolarli va tez-tez quyuqlashadigan, jasur obrazlar, oddiy odatiy voqealar yoki tajribalarni o‘zida mujassam etadi).
G.L. Permyakov emphasizes that it is not easy to describe proverbs and sayings, because, firstly, it is not clear what to include in the mentioned genre, and secondly, proverbs and sayings are a product of complex different scales. On the one hand, proverbs and sayings are in many respects similar to phraseological expressions, linguistic phenomena, stable connections, on the other hand, some logical units that express this or that idea, and on the third - artistic miniatures that vividly summarize what is in reality²⁶.
A.A.Potebnya emphasized and shared many commonalities between proverbs and parables, that in many cases the source of proverbs are issues that occur in life and respond to different events consisting of one or more people and actions.
According to A.A. Potebnya, a proverb is an element of a parable or proverb, part of which derives as a remnant of a proverb and parable, while another part has not developed before them.²⁷.
According to a number of researchers, including O.I Natkho and T.A Shiryaeva (including S.I Ojegov, B.M Volin, D.N Ushakov, G.L Permyakov, O.S Akhmanova), the completeness of proverbs in terms of structure and incompleteness of proverbs as a criterion for distinguishing language units such as proverbs and parables²⁸; According to others generalization of proverb semantics and definition of the theme of the proverb (L.I.Timofeev, S.V.Turaev, G.D.Sidirkova); the figurativeness of the proverb and the conformity of the meaning of the proverb to the original (G.B.Savenkova, O.Shirokova, V.P.Zhukov, V.P.Felitsyna, Yu.E.Prokhorov) can be calculated²⁹.
V.I Dal wrote in the introductory part of his famous collection "Poslovitsy russkogo naroda": this definition is very correct. ”In his view, a proverb is a complete, complete meaning, a sentence that means a sentence, a proverb is a phrase that has a figurative meaning; it is half of the proverb ³⁰.
M.A. Ribnikova also considers the proverb as a part of speech, phrase, and the element of judgment, and the article as a complete sentence, a complete thought ³¹.
American linguist A. Dandes described language stages as follows. Proverbs in his view:
1. Has simple and complex sentence forms.
2. Does not have an author.
3. Proverbs are short solutions to big problems.
4. It is a reflection of all human life experiences.
5. Demonstrates a wide range of concepts of education and upbringing³².
When a proverb comes in its own and figurative sense, a proverb comes in a figurative sense. For example, if you are a farmer, drive in the fall; if you do not drive in the fall, the proverb of a hundred plows is used only in its own sense, while the proverb of a dry spoon tore the mouth is used in a figurative sense. The nose-rubbing cloth is always used only in a figurative sense. The difference between a proverb and a parable can also be observed in the examples given below. For example, the English proverb There is no place like home states that "the house you were born and raised in is more valuable than gold."
In our work B.R.Mengliev, B.M.Juraeva, K.Imamov, T.Mirzaev, B.Sarimsakov, O.I.Natkho, T.A.Shiryaeva, S.I.Ojegov, B.M.Volin, D Based on the views of such scholars as N.Ushakov, G.L.Permyakov, OSAkhmanova, V.I.Dal, we also give the following definition of the limitation of proverbs and sayings in linguistics by meaning:
1) A proverb always means a clear, complete idea. The idea is fully expressed by adding another sentence to the proverb.
2) Proverbs can be used in both their own and figurative senses. This feature expands the thematic scope of the articles, the scope of application. That is why the proverb is common among one or more peoples. Matals or other closed expressions, on the other hand, have a limit of local application and are never found in the context of inter-ethnic consumption;
3) If the proverb is a means of demonstration in speech, the proverb is used as a means of proof, proof.
From the above descriptions and analyzes, it is clear that scientific observations show that there is a big difference between proverbs and parables, that they should be separated from each other. In particular, while proverbs have a complete sentence and a clear conclusion, proverbs do not represent a complete sentence like proverbs. This means that proverbs need to be studied in a unique and distinctive way in folk paremic creativity.