Учебное пособие в систематизированном виде содержит необходимые для изучения курса лексикологии английского языка вспомогательные материалы: планы семинаров, определения основных понятий и терминов на английском и русском языках, темы курсовых

Etymologic(al) meaning is the earliest known meaning. Today the noun urchin means “a mischievous or naughty child, especially a boy”, but its etymo­logical meaning is “a hedgehog”!
Archaic [a:'keiik] meaning is the meaning superseded at present by a newer one but still remaining in certain collocations. The archaic meaning of the adjective brave is “fine, excellent, admirable”. Its use is limited to some phrases, among which is a brave new world (“a new era resulting from revolutionary changes, reforms, etc. in society”).
Obsolete meaning is the meaning which went out of use. The obsolete meaning of the verb taste is “to examine by touch, to feel; to test or try”.
Radial polysemy (or radiation) is the type of polysemy in which the primary meaning of a word stands in the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out of it like rays. Each secondary meaning can be traced to the primary meaning.

the

underground

railway syste

in London
a small soft
metal or
plastic
containerwith
a screw cap

tube

a hollow round
pipe of any
material used for
holding liquids,
gases

a hollow pipe
or organ in the
body

Chain polysemy (also concatenation [kgn,k^ti'neij'(9)n]) is the type of polysemy in which the secondary meanings of a word develop like a chain. In such cases it may be difficult to trace some meanings to the primary one.
a hard outer part of bread

crust

impudence

a harder layer over snow a sullen gloomy person
a hard part of anything (a pie, a cake)