Results
Source
. . . . . . . . . . .
<
http://mitpress.mit.edu/designingsound/
clocks.html
>
Conclusions
497
Conclusions
A clock sound is nothing more than a detailed, periodic pattern of short clicks
coupled though an appropriate body resonator. The body resonance is easily
modified and can produce wooden or small plastic sounding clocks, though
changing the scale of the body while keeping the mechanism fixed sounds inter-
esting but strange. The abstractions can be rewritten so that the timing and
apparent size of all components can scale together.
Exercises
Exercise 1
Completely rebuild the synthesis method of the clock. Keep the same model
but replace noise band synthesis with Dirac pulse, FM, or another method of
your choice. What advantages and disadvantages can you discover for different
methods of synthesising short clicks and impact noises?
Reference
Gazeley, W. J. (1956).
Clock and Watch Escapements
. Heywood.
44
Practical 21
Motors
Aims
In this exercise we will produce the sounds of some electric motors. Motor
sounds are essential for machine noises, sliding doors, drills, robots, and much
more. There are many motor designs; some use AC electricity, some use DC.
Some have a rotor that surrounds a stationary core, whereas others have an
axle that spins within a stationary frame. Some have brush contacts, others use
induction to transfer power. We will consider the common brush and commu-
tator DC type here, but we will try to make it flexible enough for a wide range
of effects.
Analysis
Let’s look quickly at some operational theory. The
rotor
is the bit that spins;
it’s usually in the middle and connected to an axle or
shaft
. It usually has a coil
wound around it and so is often the heaviest component. The
stator
, that’s the
outside bit that stays still, is a cylinder of permanent magnets or coils produc-
ing a stationary magnetic field. The axle is held in the middle by two plates, the
dimes
, one at each end, which usually have some kind of
bearing
to lubricate
them. A typical DC motor works by having two or more brushes which conduct
power to the rotor coil through a broken, slotted ring called the
commutator
. On
each half-turn the flow of electric current is reversed so that motion is always in
the same direction. Lastly the motor has some kind of housing or frame which
will resonate. We don’t need to go into details of physics and electromagnetic
theory here—we know what happens, power is applied and it spins—but the
mechanics are worth a few words. In a DC motor the brushes make contact
with the commutator, at least twice and sometimes many more times per rev-
olution. Each time this happens we hear a little click. The click may be due to
the brush moving over different materials, first a metal conductor and then an
insulator, then a conductor again. Sometimes ridges on the commutator move
the brush in and out slightly as it rotates. Sparks may happen between the
commutator and brush, since disconnection from the coil causes a high voltage
back-EMF because of the coil’s inductance. While the rotor is spinning it makes
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