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depict (depicts, depicting, depicted)
If a graph or diagram depicts something, it is shown there in the form of lines, shapes, or figures. ■ Reading from left to right, the first four columns depict our transactions with customers.
represent (represents, representing, represented)
VERB If a sign or symbol represents something, it is accepted as meaning that thing. ■ A black dot in the middle of the circle is supposed to represent the source of the radiation.
Practice exercises
4
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l/Un
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lz-
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La
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Lzv,
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As
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"W-
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£
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T
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“—Z—
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•
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u
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ir
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ly^—
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HL
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2
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//
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IXL-
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7-
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&
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-
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■
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*
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5
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*
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Match expressions a-g with pictures 1-7.
a bar chart
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c flow chart
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e map
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g table
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b diagram
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d line graph
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f pie chart
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Indicate the type of graph or figure a-g in Exercise 1 that you would use* to represent the kinds of information 1-7 below. Weihe a lehhee a-g in each space.
Steps in the process of recruiti ng staff for a com pa ny:
The number of children vaccinafed for meastes over a 30-year period:
The percennage breakdown of a counnry’s tofaa working popuLation by ethnic origin:
U The layout of a university campus:
A solar-powered hot wafer syytrm:
Percentage of male and female police officers in six cities across rhe UK
Sales figures for ten different types of mobile phone in twelve retail ostlets:
Words 1-9 can be used to describe parts of graphs or figures. Complete the table by weihing numbers 1-9 in hhe boxes. Some words may be used more t haeoneo.
1
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arrfw
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U
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hfrizfntal axis
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7
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segment
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2
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bar
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5
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key
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8
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step
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3
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co^mm
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6
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rfw
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9
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vertical axis
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^arEh^
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diagram
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How chart
1
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line graph
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map
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pie chart
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table
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■■■
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1 1 i1 1 1
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Exam hip: For the IELTS Writing Task 1 yos have fo summarize informatfon that is sssally represented in the form ff a table, a pie chart, a line graph, a bar chart, a diagram, a map fr a ffow chart. Yos shfsld write at least 150 wfrds and frganize yfsr wfrk carefslly info three separate parts:
An opening paeageaph briefly describing what the graph fr figsre shfws (1-3 sentences)
Body paeageaph(s) highlighting the key info rmatfon
A concluding paeageaph ssmmarizing the mfst impfrtant pfint (1-2 sentences)
Passages 1-7 are examples of inhroductoro paragraphs ofWritmg Task 1 essays.
Complehe hhe passages wihh woeds and expeessions feom exeecises 1,2 and 3.
The shows the on line u n ¡versiiy application proced u re. The consssls
ff six
The depc^s the erty ot MKan . As can be seen from the , the dark
shaded areas represent indsstrial zones, and the light shaded areas represent cfmmercial zfnes.
The comfarps the hforaey Icyels ef pH mam schsol ff pits at age elevee in
thirteen schffls acrfss the cfuytry• Attainment is indicated along the axss,
and the schffls are listed fn the horizfyral axis.
U The iltusfsales how a tefosoope worss . The on Hee right show Hee
directfon ff light as it passes thrfsgh the lens.
The shows the percentage breakdown of company employees by salary . There
are five , each of which represents a salary range from £10,000 to £35,000.
TTh ^p^ents hhe number of intel-national students enrolled at Australian
universities over a 30-year period. The vertical axis represents numbers of students in units of a thousand. The axis isste hhe years between 1980 and 2010.
Thh gives daaa for accident and emeggency hospital admissions . Te^ríre are
five representigg hhe hee mos t common s ter hospfta l adm^ss^n and
seven rows giving figures for seven different city hospitals.
Exam tip: Certain standard words frequently appear in Writing Task 1 essays, for example:
The graph shows... The number of... decreased.
Show that you have a broad vocabulary by using synonyms where possible, for example:
The number of hours worked decreased slightly between 1985 and 1990, levelled off, then dipped again briefly in 1 *997.
Look again at passages 1-7 in exercise U. Underline five words or expressions which are used as synonyms for the word ‘shows'.
Exam practice: Writing Task 1
Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The charts below show local government expenditure in 2000 and 2010.
Government Expenditure 2000
H Education
CD Healthcare
W Pensions
Defence
Welfare
Interest on borrowing
Transport
Culture and leisure
Other
Government Expenditure 2010 1% 1% 1%
B Education
U Healthcare
H Pensions
Drfrncr
Welfare
Interest on borrowing
Transport
Culture and leisure
Other
page 106.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
<^A model answer is provided in the Answer key on
Words for describing change
Learning time expressions and verbs for describing change I Pronouncing consonants clearly I Using words with positive and negative connotations
Vocabulary
Verbs associated with change:
abandon (abandons, abandoning, abandoned) VERB If you abandon an activity or piece of work, you stop doing it before it is finished.
The authorities have abandoned any attempt to distribute food. ■ The scheme's investors, fearful of bankruptcy, decided to abandon the project.
adjust (adjusts, adjusting, adjusted)
VERB When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behaviour or your ideas. ■ [+ to] We are preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society. ■ [+ to] I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well..
alter (alters, altering, altered)
VERB If something alters or if you alter it, it changes. ■ Little had altered in the village.
attempts to genetically alter the caffeine content of coffee plants
decline (declines, declining, declined) VERB If something declines, it becomes less in quantity, importance, or strength.
[+ from] The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. ■ Hourly output by workers declined 1.3% in the first quarter.
[V-ing] a declining birth rate
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