William Cullen Bryant



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SEMINAR 10

Nathaniel 
Hawthorne
(1804-1864) published a volume called “
Twice-Told Tales”,
stories rich in 
symbolism and peculiar incidents. Although he knew the Transcendentalists, Hawthorne 
did not share their beliefs. His way of rebelling against the traditional New England 
outlook on life was to write imaginative “romances,” stories and novels which were not 
necessarily realistic but which were designed to explore certain moral themes such as 
guilt, pride and emotional repression. His masterpiece was “
The Scarlet Letter

,
a novel 
published in 1850. Set in the Puritan past, it is the stark drama of a woman harshly cast 
out from her community for committing the sin of adultery. 
Hawthorne’s writing had a profound impact upon another writer, originally from 
New York, who was living at the time in New England. 
Herman Melville
(1819- 1891), 
whose wealthy father had gone bankrupt, had worked at many jobs before signing on in 
1839 for the first of several sea voyages. Seven years later, he began writing accounts of 
his adventures on the open seas and in exotic ports, which won him instant success. Yet 
Melville longed to write something more serious. Inspired by Hawthorne’s example, he 
began writing novels which were fundamentally allegories on politics and religion. The 
public rejected them, however, and, discouraged, Melville published little except poetry 
for the rest of his life. Ironically, the very books that proved unacceptable during his 
lifetime are the ones most admired today. “
Moby Dick


published in 1851, uses a story 
of a whaling voyage to explore profound themes such as fate, the nature of evil, and the 
individual’s struggle against the universe. It is considered an American masterpiece. 

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