What kind of types of a word can be found in compared languages?

Lecture 15.

1. 
   What kind of types of a word can be found in compared languages?
   
2. 
   The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition (Lexical level).
   
3. 
   What kind of differences are there in word formation of compared languages?
   

1. 
   What kind of types of a word can be found in compared languages?
   

Homonyms are words different in meaning but identical in sound or spelling, or both in sound and spelling.
Homonyms can appear in the language not only as the result of the split of polysemy but also as the result of leveling of grammar inflexions when different parts of speech become identical in their outer aspect, e.g. “care” from “caru” and “care” from “carian”.
A word which has more than one meaning is called polysemantic. Different meanings of a polysemantic word may come together due to the proximity of notions which they express. E.g. the English word “blanket” has the following meanings: a woolen covering used on beds, a covering for keeping a horse warm, a covering of any kind “a blanket of snow”, covering all or most cases (used attributively), e.g. we can say “a blanket insurance policy”. There are some words in the language which are monosemantic, such as most terms, “synonym”, “molecule”, “bronchitis”, some pronouns (this, my, both), numerals.This feature can be observed in all types of languages. It is obvious in the Uzbek language too, e.g. the noun “кўз” (an eye) .
Synonyms are words different in their outer aspects, but identical or similar in their inner aspects. In English there are a lot of synonyms because there are many borrowings, e.g. hearty (native) – cordial
(borrowing); куч (native) – қувват(borrowed).
One of the types of words according to the meaning is called antonym, a group of words which have opposite meaning to each other. Antonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, identical in style, expressing contrary or contradictory notions.

2. 
   The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition (Lexical level).
   

Interference at a lexical level is seen while borrowing words from one language and converting them to sound more natural in another language. As has been mentioned above different languages have different ways of word order, which is especially important for analytic languages. Georgian being a synthetic language doesn't pay so much attention to word order. In our native language we can put adverbial modifiers of place even at the very beginning of the sentence which often has negative influence on Georgian learners of English. Instead of - " There is a round table in the room", they often say: - " In the room is a round table."

3. 
   What kind of differences are there in word formation of compared languages?
   

As a difference can be presented some ways of forming words in English, Russian and Uzbek, which cannot be found in word forming system of other languages. Moreover, the main way of word formation in English is considered compounding, while in Russian and Uzbek it is affixation. Derived words in English mostly can be formed with compounding, affixation and conversion, and in Russian and Uzbek can be observed two of them besides conversion. In these languages, conversion is not well developed.