illustration by karolina ficek
What is intermittent fasting?
Throughout the course of a 24-hour
day, your body naturally cycles between
feeding and fasting modes while you’re
awake and when you’re asleep. People
who practise what’s called intermittent
fasting attempt to extend the fasting
phase in order to enhance the body’s
hormonal regulation processes that
kick in when you’re not eating. This
way, say the diet’s proponents, you can
maintain a healthy weight and, there-
fore, avoid the risks associated with
obesity, including Type 2 diabetes and
heart disease.
Intermittent fasting can take several
forms. Time-restricted fasting, also
called the 16:8 schedule, involves lim-
iting breakfast, lunch and dinner to an
eight-hour window—say, 10 a.m. to 6
p.m. A more extreme schedule (which
would require a doctor’s okay, espe-
cially if you take medication) entails
eating as you typically would for five
days a week and fasting for two (when
you’d still consume plenty of water,
and optionally up to 500 calories).
What happens in the body when
someone fasts? And what are the
benefits beyond maintaining a
healthy weight?
The diet’s main benefit comes from
BY
Anna-Kaisa Walker
This dieting trend is said
to inhibit dementia and
other age-related diseases.
Here are the facts.
Is Intermittent
Fasting Safe?
reader’s digest
20
january/february 2022
HEALTH
how fasting affects insulin, the hor-
mone that regulates blood sugar—and
which rises when we eat. Insulin
allows our cells, including fat cells, to
absorb glucose from our blood. When
we’re not eating, our insulin levels go
down, allowing the fat cells to release
their energy stores. And if those lev-
els drop far enough for long enough,
we lose weight.
Research from the last two decades
has also shown that intermittent fast-
ing reduces blood pressure, choles-
terol and markers of inflammation.
Scientists aren’t sure yet why this hap-
pens, but a 2015 study on lab mice
suggests that when we switch from a
fed to a fasting state, changes happen
on a cellular level that can extend life,
reducing rates of cancer and fostering
immune system and organ rejuvena-
tion. As well, researchers have found
that intermittent fasting stimulated the
production of a nerve protein that
plays a critical role in memory, learn-
ing and the generation of new nerve
cells—which could help slow age-
related cognitive decline.
That all sounds promising, but are
there dangers as well?
So far, studies on intermittent fasting
have mostly been short-term—a few
weeks to a few months—and observed
adults under the age of 60, or lab ani-
mals. For older adults, some experts
worry that the natural aging-related
decline in muscle and bone health
could be worsened by intermittent fast-
ing—or any weight-loss program, for
that matter. “Anything that extends your
lifespan should also extend your years
of good health,” says Stuart Phillips, a
professor in the department of kinesi-
ology at McMaster University. He sug-
gests people who attempt fasting stay as
physically active as possible, since los-
ing muscle mass can make daily living
much more taxing as we age.
And since the diet restricts food
intake, intermittent fasting is not rec-
ommended for anyone with a history
of disordered eating, or if you’re preg-
nant or breastfeeding. Fasting for an
entire day may cause some people
with low blood pressure to feel light-
headed or unsteady on their feet, and
diabetics may need more careful mon-
itoring to make sure blood sugar levels
don’t drop dangerously low.
If I want to try it, how should I start?
Your first step should be to speak with
your family doctor to make sure inter-
mittent fasting is safe for you. If you get
their okay, start slow, gradually nar-
rowing your daily eating window.
FOR SOME ADULTS,
AGE-RELATED MUSCLE
LOSS CAN BE WORSENED
BY ANY WEIGHT-LOSS
PROGRAM.
rd.ca
21
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