What are the subject matter, aim and tasks of the course?

1. 
   What are the subject matter, aim and tasks of the course?
   

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  Semantics is the study of the meaning of words and sentences; at its simplest, it concerns with the relation of linguistic forms to non-linguistic concepts and mental representations in order to explain how sentences are understood by the speakers of a language.
  
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  The aim of semantics is to discover why meaning is more complex than simply the words formed in a sentence. Semantics will ask questions such as: “why is the structure of a sentence important to the meaning of the sentence? “What are the semantic relationships between words and sentences?”
  
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  Several disciplines and approaches have contributed to the often contentious field of semantics. One of the crucial questions which unites different approaches to linguistic semantics is that of the relationship between form and meaning, and some major contributions to the study of semantics have derived from studies in the 1980–1990s in related subjects of the syntax–semantics interface and pragmatics.
  

2. 
   What synonym of the term 'Semantics' do you know? Which one is better to use in Lexicology?
   

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  connotation.
  
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  definition.
  
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  denotation.
  
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  explanation.
  
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  explication.
  
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  exposition.
  
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  interpretation.
  
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  semiology.
  
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  logic.
  
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  study of meaning
  
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  symbolic-logic
  
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  glossology
  
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  so on
  

When we study the semantics course, we`ll see some of the synonyms for semantics. The most used synonyms of semantics are the study of meaning and logic. As their denotational meaning is very close for semantics.

3. How do you understand the notion of 'sign' in Linguistics?
- Any unit of language (morpheme, word, phrase, or sentence) used to designate objects or phenomena of reality. Linguistic signs are bilateral; they consist of a signifier, made up of speech sounds (more precisely, phonemes), and a signified, created by the linguistic sign’s sense content. The relationship between the aspects of a sign is an arbitrary one, since the selection of a sound form does not usually depend on the properties of the designated object. The peculiarity of the linguistic sign is its asymmetricality, that is, the capacity of one signifier to convey various meanings (polysemy or homonymy) and the tendency of the signified to be expressed by various signifiers (heterophony or homosemy). The asymmetry of the structure of the linguistic sign determines the language’s capacity for development.
4. What is a 'lexeme'? Give the examples of this unit.
- The lexeme is the essential part of a word, the fragment that gives it its meaning and makes it understandable to the speakers of a language. It is also known as a root, as it expresses the key meaning of a word.
1. Bread- (baker, bakery)
2.Flower- (florist, vase, florist, flowery, flourish)
3. Camp- (peasant, country, field)
4. Libr- (book, bookstore, bookseller,
5.Cook- (kitchen, cook, cook)
6. Tree (free lexeme)
7.Histori – (history, historian)
8.Biblio- (library, bibliography, bibliographic, bibliographer)
9. Sea (free lexeme)
10 Sun (free lexeme)

5. What are the importance of connections between Lexicology and Phonetics? Illustrate it with your own examples.

The importance of the connection between lexicology and phonetics stands explained if we remember that a word is an association of a given group of sounds with a given meaning, so that top is one word, and tip is another. Phonemes have no meaning of their own but they serve to distinguish between meanings. Their function is building up morphemes, and it is on the level of morphemes that the form-meaning unity is introduced into language. We may say therefore that phonemes participate in signification.
Word-unity is conditioned by a number of phonological features. Phonemes follow each other in a fixed sequence so that [pit] is different from [tip]. The importance of the phonemic make-up may be revealed by the substitution test which isolates the central phoneme of hope by setting it against hop, hoop, heap or hip.
An accidental or jocular transposition of the initial sounds of two or more words, the so-called spoonerisms illustrate the same