What are Museums for

Museums of the world

In 1992 when Eilean Hooper-Greenhill wrote the opening chapter to Museums and the Shaping of Knowledge, she testified to the rapid and unprecedented changes that were happening in the museum sector¹. Museums were not only mushrooming, but they varied in size and subject matter, challenging both the concept of a museum and what a museum was for. She wrote:

This fixed view of the identity of museums has sometimes been firmly held and, until recently, little has disturbed it. But it is a mistake to assume that there is only one form of reality for museums, only one fixed mode of operating. Looking back into the history of museums, the realities of museums have changed many times. Museums have always had to modify how they worked, and what they did, according to the context, the plays of power, and the social, economic, and political imperatives that surrounded them. Museums, in common with all other social institutions, serve many masters, and must play many tunes accordingly. Perhaps success can be defined by the ability to balance all the tunes that must be played and still make the sound worth listening to. At the present time, in many areas where decisions are now being made about the funding and maintenance of museums, hard questions are now being asked about the justification of museums, about their role in the community, and their functions and potentials (Hooper-Greenhill, 1992:1).

Throughout the Cumberland Lodge Conference in September 2004, similar hard questions were asked, demonstrating how social, economic and political factors impinge upon museums today.

Dunyo muzeylari

1992 yilda Eylin Xuper-Grenxill muzeylar va bilimlar shakllanishiga bag'ishlangan ochilish bo'limini yozganda, u muzey sohasida tezkor va misli ko'rilmagan o'zgarishlarning guvohi bo'ldi1. Muzeylar nafaqat qo'ziqorin bilan shug'ullanishdi, balki ularning hajmi va mavzulari turlicha bo'lib, ular muzey tushunchasiga ham, muzeyning maqsadiga ham bog'liq edi. U shunday deb yozgan:

 Muzeylarning o'ziga xosligi haqidagi bu qat'iy nuqtai nazar ba'zan qat'iy tutib kelingan va yaqin vaqtgacha uni ozgina bezovta qilgan. Ammo muzeylar uchun voqelikning faqat bitta shakli, faqat bitta qat'iy ishlash rejimi mavjud deb taxmin qilish xato. Muzeylar tarixiga nazar tashlasak, muzeylarning voqeliklari ko'p marta o'zgargan. Muzeylar har doim qanday ishlashganini va nima qilganliklarini, kontekstiga, hokimiyat o'yinlariga va ularni o'rab turgan ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy imperatorlarga qarab o'zgartirishlari kerak edi. Muzeylar, boshqa barcha ijtimoiy institutlar bilan birgalikda, ko'plab ustalarga xizmat qiladi va shunga mos ravishda ko'plab kuylarni ijro etishlari kerak. Ehtimol muvaffaqiyatni ijro etilishi kerak bo'lgan barcha ohanglarni muvozanatlash qobiliyati bilan aniqlash mumkin va bu hali ham tinglashga arziydi. Hozirgi vaqtda muzeylarni moliyalashtirish va saqlash to'g'risida qarorlar qabul qilinadigan ko'plab joylarda muzeylarning asoslanishi, ularning jamiyatdagi roli, funktsiyalari va imkoniyatlari to'g'risida jiddiy savollar tug'ilmoqda (Hooper-Greenhill) , 1992: 1).

2004 yil sentyabr oyida Kumberland Lodj konferentsiyasida shu kabi murakkab savollar berilib, bugungi kunda ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy omillar muzeylarga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatayotganini namoyish etdi.

Questions
1. You know what museums?

2. What is the role of museums in human life?

3. What role does meseums play in public life?

4. What is a museums?

5. What’s going on in the museum?
Dictionaries
1.art-san'at

2.popular-taniqli

3.creature-asar

4.image-rasm

5famous-mashhur

6.genius-daho

7.artist-rassom

8.actor-aktiyor

9.actress-aktrisa

10.intelligence-fahm

11.ability-iste’dod

12.acquie-qo’lga kiritmoq

13.tradition-an’ana

14.ide-fikr

15.design-san’at asari

16.artistry-san’atkor tajribasi

17.artistical-san’atni sevuvchi

18.writer-yozuvchi

19.warrior-jangchi

20.title-unvon

Referances
1.www.arxiv.uz

2.www.aim.uz

3.www.vikipediya.uz

4.Round up books

5.www.yandex.uz

6.www.baza.referat.uz

7.www.kun.uz