Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

Sapphism
See 
lesbianism.
sarcoidosis
A disease of unknown origin that
causes small lumps (granulomas) due to chronic
inflammation in body tissues. Sarcoidosis can
appear in almost any body organ, but it most often
starts in the lungs or lymph nodes. It can also affect
the eyes, liver, and skin; and less often it affects the
spleen, bones, joints, skeletal muscles, heart, and
central nervous system. In the majority of cases, the
granulomas clear up with or without treatment. In
cases where the granulomas do not heal and disap-
pear, the tissues tend to remain inflamed and
become scarred.
sarcoma
One of a group of malignant tumors that
arise from connective tissue. Many types are named
after the type of cell, tissue, or structure involved.
See also 
angiosarcoma; chondrosarcoma;
fibrosarcoma; liposarcoma; osteosarcoma; rhab-
domyosarcoma; sarcoma botryoides; sarcoma,
Ewing; Kaposi sarcoma; sarcoma, soft-tissue;
sarcoma, synovial.
sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor that arises in
a primitive nerve cell within bone or soft tissue and
affects children and adolescents, especially between
ages 10 and 20. Ewing sarcoma usually appears in
Salter-Harris fracture
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the large bones of the arms and legs and the flat
bones of the pelvis, spine, and ribs. Treatments
include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation ther-
apy. The primitive nerve cell from which Ewing sar-
coma arises also gives rise to a number of tumors,
known as the Ewing family of tumors, which include
Ewing sarcoma of bone, extraosseus (nonbone)
Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor
(PNET), and Askin tumor (PNET of the chest wall).
Most Ewing family tumors have a translocation
between chromosomes 11 and 22 that results in the
fusion of the EWS gene on chromosome 22 with the
transcription factor gene FLI1 on chromosome 11,
leading to the production of a chimeric (fusion)
protein. The remaining tumors in the Ewing family
engage the EWS gene in other translocations that
lead to formation of chimeric proteins. In all cases
the chimeric protein is oncogenic; that is, it is
responsible for the malignancy.