Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

hand-foot-and-mouth disease
A common
viral illness usually seen in infants and children
characterized by a rash on the hands and feet and in
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the mouth. The internal rash (enanthem) consists
of blisters and little ulcers. These may involve not
only the lining of the mouth but also the gums,
palate, and tongue. The external rash on the body
(exanthem) typically affects the hands, the feet, and
sometimes the buttocks. There may also be sore
throat, irritability, decreased appetite, and fever.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is caused by various
viruses, including several types of coxsackievirus:
most often Coxsackievirus A16, but also other cox-
sackieviruses and enterovirus 71. The incubation
period is short, usually 4 to 6 days. The disease
occurs most frequently in summer and fall. The ill-
ness is characteristically mild and self-limited. Also
known as hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome and
hand, foot, and mouth disease or syndrome.
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
A form of
Langerhans cell histiocytosis usually affecting chil-
dren aged 2 to 5. The condition is characterized by
the accumulation of histiocytes (specialized cells of
the immune system) in various organs, causing
damage to the tissues. Involvement of bones is char-
acteristic, and the most frequent sites of bony
involvement are the flat bones of the skull, ribs,
pelvis, and scapula (wing bone). Chronic otitis
media due to involvement of the mastoid and the
temporal bone is common. Diabetes insipidus
affects some patients. See also 
Langerhans cell his-
tiocytosis.
Hangman’s fracture
A broken neck involving a
fracture of an upper cervical vertebra similar to the
injury suffered in death by hanging. The fracture
affects the vertebra called the axis, the second cer-
vical vertebra (C2), with or without subluxation
(slippage) of C2 on the third cervical vertebra (C3).