|
SCIENCE COMMUNITY: WEB OF CONFERENCES
October-December, 2021
23
ANCIENT FERGANA - DAVAN STATE
Sattarov Kamoliddin
master Namangan state university
faculty of History
Annotation:
This article discusses the history of Uzbekistan and the ancient state of Dovan, which
occupies a high place in world history. The history of the state, its socio-economic life and political
level are described, as well as the place of the history of this state in the history of our country.
Key
words:
state, historical, civilization, important centers, ancient, independent, village.
Uzbekistan has a rich history. The study of the history of our country has always been an important
issue. Opinions about the early days of Uzbekistan’s history have always been controversial. The
subject we want to discuss below is the Davan state, which is equally controversial.
First of all, let’s talk about the name of the state; The term Davan occurs in Chinese sources and
in some cases comes in the form Dayuan. In other sources, the name of the state is used as Parkana[1].
The term Davan appears in the historical literature until the third century AD. Later, Davan was
replaced by the terms “Bokhan” and “Polona” (5th century BC), and historians have noted that these
terms refer to the territory of ancient Davanga. It is believed that the Chinese called Davan a country
associated with the Tokhars (Taxwar) [2]. What is important for historians is that it was formed and
the years of the crisis have not been determined. The state existed in the Fergana Valley from about
the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD.
Well-known scientist Arnold Toynbee described the valley as “Ancient Fergana - one of the
important centers of world civilization.” The ancient history of the Fergana Valley, which deserves
such a description, has not been sufficiently studied. Even in the historical written sources there is
almost no information about it. There are some short, fragmentary data in Chinese sources. This is
due to the fact that the Fergana Valley is bordered by China. Due to the above reasons, textbooks and
literature do not specifically mention the history of the ancient period of the Fergana Valley,
Academician A. Askarov in his book “History of Uzbekistan” took the first step to correct this
shortcoming.
According to Academician A. Askarov, in the VI-IV centuries BC, when the Achaemenids
conquered such regions of Central Asia as Bactria, Parthia, Margiana, Sogd, Khorezm, ancient
Fergana remained independent. This state, like the Khorezm state, was not subject to Alexander the
Great.
There is no information that the Fergana Valley was part of the Seleucid state in ancient times. It
turns out that Fergana was able to retain political freedom in ancient times during the rule of the
Achaemenids and the Greeks. According to Greek sources, Demodamus, the Seleucid general,
crossed the Yaksart (Syrdarya) in 280 BC and installed an altar (altar) in honor of the Greek god
Apollo. In addition, ancient historians are limited to noting that one of the Greco-Bactrian kings once
led an army to East Turkestan through Fergana. Based on these considerations, we can conclude that
the ancient state of Fergana - Davan was on the stage of history not in the II century BC, but much
earlier, in the IV or III centuries [3].
According to Chjang Siang, the Chinese ambassador to Davao in the 2nd century BC, the country
had a strong political system. At the head of the state stood a ruler who came from the nobility of the
local population. In the sources, their names are mentioned in Chinese as Mugua, Chan Fin, Yanlyu.
The ruler ruled the country with his two closest relatives as his assistants. He relied on the council of
elders in the conduct of state affairs. This council, together with the ruler, dealt with and resolved
social, political and religious issues of state importance. At the same time, the council of elders
supervised the activities of the ruler on some important issues. This shows that the authority of the
ruler before the council of elders is limited, in particular, in matters of war, peaceful embassy, the
decisive power and power was in the hands of this council. If necessary, the Supreme Council can
remove the ruler from power and elect a new one in his place. Sources even say that he was sentenced
to death by the decision of the Council of Elders, the supreme ruler, for the defeat of the Davans in
wars with other states.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
