We use the present simple to talk about things and situations that are generally true



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Suffixes as Signals


"We recognize the class of a word by its use in context. Some words have suffixes (endings added to words to form new words) that help to signal the class they belong to. These suffixes are not necessarily sufficient in themselves to identify the class of a word. For example, -ly is a typical suffix for adverbs (slowly, proudly), but we also find this suffix in adjectives: cowardly, homely, manly. And we can sometimes convert words from one class to another even though they have suffixes that are typical of their original class: an engineer, to engineera negative response, a negative."(Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelson, an Introduction to English Grammar, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2009)

A Matter of Degree


Not all the members of a class will necessarily have all the identifying properties. Membership in a particular class is really a matter of degree. In this regard, grammar is not so different from the real world. There are prototypical sports like 'football' and not so sporty sports like 'darts.' There are exemplary mammals like 'dogs' and freakish ones like the 'platypus.' Similarly, there are good examples of verbs like watch and lousy examples like beware; exemplary nouns like chair that display all the features of a typical noun and some not so good ones like Kenny.

2.1 Tense is a grammatical term used to describe time; that is, whether an action or state happened in the past, is happening in the present, or will happen in the future. Tense is not limited to this, but these are its basic usage.Let's explore the three main tenses: past, present, and future, including their functions and structures. We will also look at a key component of tense, called aspect, as well as how to form tenses using inflections.


The past tense


The past tense shows that an action (or state of being) has happened(or existed)in the past.
The past tense may also be used to refer to the present tense ('I wish I had flat') or the future tense ('Imagine if we moved to Spain').We can also talk about habitual actions or events in the past that were repeated or occurred regularly eg.'we used to go to Scotland at weekends 'or' she would always fall asleep at school'.

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