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* Humus: the part of the soil form ed from dead plant material



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* Humus: the part of the soil form ed from dead plant material
86


Reading
Questions 14-17
Complete the summary below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
Why soil degradation could be a disaster for hum ans
Healthy soil contains a large variety of bacteria and other microorganisms, as well
as plant remains and 1 4 ..............................It provides us with food and also with
antibiotics, and its function in storing 1 5 ............................ has a significant effect on the
climate. In addition, it prevents damage to property and infrastructure because it 
holds 16............................ .
If these microorganisms are lost, soil may lose its special properties. The main factor 
contributing to soil degradation is the 1 7 ............................ carried out by humans.
Questions 18-21
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A -F , below.
Write the correct letter, A -F , in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet.
18 Nutrients contained in the unused parts of harvested crops
19 Synthetic fertilisers produced with the Haber-Bosch process
20 Addition of a mixture developed by Pius Floris to the soil
21 
The idea of zero net soil degradation
A
may improve the number and quality of plants growing there.
B
may contain data from up to nine countries.
C
may not be put back into the soil.
D
may help governments to be more aware of soil-related issues.
E
may cause damage to different aspects of the environment.
F
may be better for use at a global level.
87


Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A -G .
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G , in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
22
a reference to one person's motivation for a soil-improvement project
23 an explanation of how soil stayed healthy before the development of farming
24 examples of different ways of collecting information on soil degradation
25 a suggestion for a way of keeping some types of soil safe in the near future
26 a reason why it is difficult to provide an overview of soil degradation
Test4
Questions 2 2-26
88


Reading

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