Вооружённые силы Федеративной Республики Германия

Rank structure[edit]

Officers

NATO code

OF-10

OF-9

OF-8

OF-7

OF-6

OF-5

OF-4

OF-3

OF-2

OF-1

OF(D)

Student officer

German Army^[49] v t e

Enlisted rank plus bottom thin silvercord indicating cadet's career

General

General­leutnant

General­major

Brigade­general

Oberst

Oberst­leutnant

Major

Stabs­haupt­mann

Haupt­mann

Ober­leut­nant

Leut­nant

Ober­fähn­rich

Fähn­rich

Fahnen­junker

German Navy^[50] v t e

Enlisted rank plus a starindicating cadet's career

Admiral

Vize­admiral

Konter­admiral

Flottillen­admiral

Kapitän zur See

Fregatten­kapitän

Korvetten­kapitän

Stabskapitän­leutnant

Kapitän­leutnant

Oberleutnantzur See

Leutnantzur See

Oberfähnrichzur See

Fähnrichzur See

Seekadett

German Air Force^[51] v t e

Enlisted rank plus bottom thin silvercord indicating cadet's career

General

General­leutnant

General­major

Brigade­general

Oberst

Oberst­leutnant

Major

Stabs­haupt­mann

Haupt­mann

Ober­leut­nant

Leut­nant

Ober­fähn­rich

Fähn­rich

Fahnen­junker

NATO code

OF-10

OF-9

OF-8

OF-7

OF-6

OF-5

OF-4

OF-3

OF-2

OF-1

OF(D)

Student officer

NCOs and enlisted

NATO code

OR-9

OR-8

OR-7

OR-6

OR-5

OR-4

OR-3

OR-2

OR-1

German Army^[49] v t e

Oberst­stabs­feldwebel

Stabs­feldwebel

Haupt­feldwebel

Ober­feldwebel

Feldwebel

Stabs­unteroffizier

Unteroffizier

Stabskorporal

Korporal

Ober­stabs­gefreiter

Stabs­gefreiter

Haupt­gefreiter

Ober­gefreiter

Gefreiter

Soldat

German Army(Officer designate) v t e

Oberfähnrich

Fähnrich

Fahnenjunker

German Navy^[50] v t e

Oberstabs­bootsmann

Stabs­bootsmann

Haupt­bootsmann

Ober­bootsmann

Bootsmann

Obermaat

Maat

Oberstabs­gefreiter

Stabs­gefreiter

Haupt­gefreiter

Ober­gefreiter

Gefreiter

Matrose

German Navy(Officer designate) v t e

Oberfähnrich zur See

Fähnrich zur See

Seekadett

German Air Force^[51] v t e

Oberst­stabs­feldwebel

Stabs­feldwebel

Haupt­feldwebel

Ober­feldwebel

Feldwebel

Stabs­unteroffizier

Unteroffizier

Stabskorporal

Korporal

Oberstabs­gefreiter

Stabs­gefreiter

Haupt­gefreiter

Ober­gefreiter

Gefreiter

Flieger

German Air Force(Officer designate) v t e

Oberfähnrich

Fähnrich

Fahnenjunker

NATO code

OR-9

OR-8

OR-7

OR-6

OR-5

OR-4

OR-3

OR-2

OR-1

Recruitment[edit]

With the suspension of compulsory military service in 2011 and the reorientation of the Bundeswehr, the military district recruiting offices were dissolved effective 30 November 2012. Their tasks were taken over by the newly created career centers of the Bundeswehr. The career centers of the Bundeswehr are the armed forces main way of presenting itself as a nationwide employer for both military and civilian careers.^[52] In the structure of the Bundeswehr's personnel recruitment organization adopted in 2019, there are five large career centers in Hanover, Mainz, Düsseldorf, Munich and Berlin with assessment centers. There are also 16 smaller, regional career centers, of which only those in Wilhelmshaven, Stuttgart and Erfurt have an assessment center. The 110 career counseling offices belonging to the career centers are combined with 86 location teams of the career development service to form 113 counseling offices.^[53] The Bundeswehr offers numerous career paths:

• 
  Voluntary military service (FWD) in Germany is an employment relationship for soldiers in a career of the lower rank Bundeswehr personnel. It lasts at least 7 and at most 23 months. Its legal status is similar to that of conscripts.^[54]
  
• 
  A temporary soldier (abbreviated SaZ, colloquially called Zeitsoldat) is a soldier who voluntarily agrees to perform military service for a limited time. A SaZ can enter all three categories (enlisted, non-commissioned officers and officers). SaZ recruited as NCOs and officers undergo general military, career and specialty training. The regular commitment period is a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 25 years, but may not extend beyond the age of 62.^[55][56]
  
• 
  Career in the Reserve: There are multiple career paths in the reserve of the armed forces for officers, NCOs, and enlisted personnel, as well as for civilians who have no prior military training.^[57]
  

Awards[edit]

• 
  Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr
  
• 
  Combat Action Medal of the Bundeswehr
  
• 
  German Armed Forces Badge of Marksmanship
  
• 
  German Armed Forces Badge for Military Proficiency
  
• 
  German Armed Forces Service Medal
  
• 
  German Flood Service Medal (2002)
  
• 
  German Flood Service Medal (2013)
  
• 
  German Parachutist Badge
  

See also[edit]

• 
  Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
  
• 
  Defence Force
  
• 
  United Nations Training Center of the Bundeswehr
  
• 
  Day X plot, alleged conspiracy of Bundeswehr soldiers to murder left-leaning politicians
  
• 
  Controversy over Erwin Rommel as Bundeswehr's role model
  

References[edit]

1. 
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   ^ "Art 87a (1) Basic Law". Gesetze-im-internet.de. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
   
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   ^ Jump up to: ^a b c d "Aktuelle Personalzahlen der Bundeswehr [Current personnel numbers of the Federal Defence]". Retrieved 23 August 2021.
   
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   ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-01227-8.
   
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   ^ Jump up to: ^a b c Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (26 April 2021). "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2020" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
   
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    ^ Fritz Erler, 'Politik und nicht Prestige,' in Erler and Jaeger, Sicherheit und Rustung, 1962, p.82-3, cited in Julian Lider, Origins and Development of West German Military Thought, Vol. I, 1949–1966, Gower Publishing Company Ltd, Aldershot/Brookfield VT, 1986, p.125
    
13. 
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14. 
    ^ Donald Aberheim, 1990, p.37; Donald Aberheim, ‘German Soldiers and German Unity: Political Foundations of the German Armed Forces,’ California Naval Postgraduate School, 1991, p.14, cited in Artur A Bogowicz, ‘Polish Armed Forces of 2000: Demands and Changes Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine,' NPGS Thesis, March 2000, and Obituary for General Ulrich de Maizière, The Times, 13 September 2006
    
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17. 
    ^ Large op.cit. pp263-4
    
18. 
    ^ Duffield, John: World Power Forsaken: Political Culture, International Institutions, and German Security Policy After Unification, p. 32
    
19. 
    ^ . Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 26 April 2021 https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2020_0.xlsx. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
    
20. 
    ^ "Outlook: The Bundeswehr of the future". Bundesministerium der Verteidigung. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
    
21. 
    ^ Madeline Chambers (3 December 2015), More assertive Germany considers bigger army as Syria vote looms Archived 9 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
    
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23. 
    ^ Schmitz, Gregor Peter (18 May 2012). "US Think Tank Slams Germany's NATO Role". Der Spiegel. Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
    
24. 
    ^ Braw, Elisabeth (19 January 2016). "Inside Germany's Higher Defense Spending – Foreign Affairs". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
    
25. 
    ^ "Germany′s von der Leyen admits major Bundeswehr shortfalls – News – DW.COM – 27.09.2014". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
    
26. 
    ^ "Ramshackle Army at Odds with Berlin's Global Aspirations – SPIEGEL ONLINE". Spiegel.de. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
27. 
    ^ Reuters Editorial (17 March 2015). "Germany to boost mid-term defense spending". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
    
28. 
    ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
    
29. 
    ^ "Germany's Army To Procure 131 New Boxer Armored Personnel carriers". Defense News. 17 December 2015.
    
30. 
    ^ "Germany plans to develop new fighter jet to replace Tornado". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
    
31. 
    ^ "German military to bring back mothballed tanks". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
    
32. 
    ^ Madeline Chambers (3 December 2015). "More assertive Germany considers bigger army as Syria vote looms". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
    
33. 
    ^ Smale, Alison (5 June 2016). "In a Reversal, Germany's Military Growth Is Met With Western Relief". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
34. 
    ^ Tomkiw, Lydia (10 May 2016). "Germany Announces First Military Expansion Since Cold War Amid Cyber Threats, US Pressure". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
35. 
    ^ "Germany to Expand Bundeswehr to Almost 200,000 Troops". Deutsche Welle. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
36. 
    ^ "Bundesregierung - Europa - NATO: Investing more in security". bundesregierung.de. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
    
37. 
    ^ "Germany proposes allowing foreigners to join its army". 14 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
    
38. 
    ^ Mehta, Aaron (4 February 2016). "bundeswehr-sea-battalion-dutch-navy-integration". Defensenews.com. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
39. 
    ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
    
40. 
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41. 
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42. 
    ^ de:Liste von Luftfahrzeugen der Bundeswehr
    
43. 
    ^ Jump up to: ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z}   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Jean R. Tartte. Germany: A country study. Federal Research Division. Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia.
    
44. 
    ^ A soldier's joke about this situation runs thus: "The service uniform is called service uniform because it's not worn on service, while the field uniform is called field uniform because it's not worn in the field." (In the field they wear the battle uniform ("Gefechtsanzug"), an extended version of the field uniform.)
    
45. 
    ^ Bei jedem Wetter, zu jeder Zeit: Neue Tarnung für die Truppe Archived 25 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine bundeswehr.de. Erding, Bayern, 9 February 2016.
    
46. 
    ^ Borgans, Christoph (23 April 2016). "Neue Bundeswehr Multi-Tarnuniform soll unsichtbar machen". Faz.net. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
47. 
    ^ "Die Bundeswehr tarnt sich: Deutsche Soldaten bekommen neue Uniform". Wiwo.de (in German). Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
    
48. 
    ^ "Zentralanweisung B1-224/0-2" (PDF) (in German). Bundesministerium der Verteidigung. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    
49. 
    ^ Jump up to: ^a b "Dienstgradabzeichen Heer". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
    
50. 
    ^ Jump up to: ^a b "Dienstgradabzeichen Marine". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
    
51. 
    ^ Jump up to: ^a b "Dienstgradabzeichen Luftwaffe". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
    
52. 
    ^ "Karrierecenter der Bundeswehr". www.bundeswehr.de (in German).
    
53. 
    ^ http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/19/072/1907200.pdf#22
    
54. 
    ^ "§ 58b SG - Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
    
55. 
    ^ "§ 1 SG - Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
    
56. 
    ^ "§ 40 SG - Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
    
57. 
    ^ https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/slv_2002/__43.html
    

Further reading[edit]

• 
  Searle, Alaric (2003). Wehrmacht Generals, West German Society, and the Debate on Rearmament, 1949–1959. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-97968-3.
  
• 
  Seppo, Antti (2021). From Guilt to Responsibility and Beyond: The Evolution of German Strategic Culture after the End of the Cold War. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8305-5067-9.
  
• 
  Stengel, Frank A. (2020). The Politics of Military Force: Antimilitarism, Ideational Change, and Post-Cold War German Security Discourse. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-13221-8.
  

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bundeswehr.

• 
  Bundeswehr official site (in German)
  
• 
  Federal Ministry of Defence official site (in German, English and French)
  
• 
  Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung official site (in German)
  
• 
  Bundesamt für Informationsmanagement und Informationstechnik der Bundeswehr official site (in German)
  
• 
  Territoriale Wehrverwaltung official site (in German)
  
• 
  Y – Magazine of the Federal Defence Forces (in German)
  
• 
  Zeitschrift für Innere Führung (in German)
  
• 
  Reader Sicherheitspolitik (in German)