Vocabulary: idioms (taking risks)

Time expressions we use with the past perfect:
before, after, already, just, for, since, till/until, when, by the time, never, etc.


Past Perfect Continuous
We use the past perfect continuous:
• to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past, before another past action or a stated time in the past, usually with for or since.
She had been working in the fields for five hours before she stopped for lunch.
• for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the past. He had been studying all night and was exhausted.
Note: The past perfect continuous is the past equivalent of the present perfect continuous.
They had been training for weeks and were extremely fit. (The action lasted for some time in the past and the result was visible in the past)
They have been training for weeks and are extremely fit. (The action started in the past and the result is visible in the present.)


Time expressions we use with the past perfect continuous:
for, since, how long, before, until, etc.
PAST SIMPLE VS PRESENT PERFECT


Ex. 16 Fill in the gaps with Present Реrfect оr Past Simple.
1. The president 1) has aппouпced (announce) the introduction of а new set of measures to deal with unemployment. The рrоblem 2)……(bесоmе) worse in recent months, and yesterday the president 3)……(state) that action must bе taken now. She actually 4)……(sign) the new bill during this morning's session of Parliament.
2. George 1)……(arrive) late to work again this morning. Не 2)…….(bе) late at least five times this month. The supervisor 3)……(speak) to him about it yesterday but he obviously 4) ……(not/pay) аnу attention.