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Xarajatlarni kamaytirish: o`tkazish qobiliyatidan samarali foydalanish va qimmat tarmoq inrastrukturalari yangilanishini arzonligi;
Samaradorlikni oshirish: tarmoqni ikkinchi pog`onada bir nechta mantiqiy guruhlarga bo`lish (keng eshittirishli domen) ortiqcha tarmoq trafigini sonini kamaytiradi va samaradorlikni oshiradi;
Keng eshittirishli domenlarni kamaytiradi: tarmoqni VLANlarga ajratish keng eshittirishli domendagi qurilmalar sonini kamaytiradi.
Аxborot texnologiyalari bo`limining samaradorligini oshirish: VLAN tarmog`i tarmoqni boshqarishni soddalashtiradi. Yangi kommutatorni ekspluatatsiyaga kiritishda ko`rsatilgan portlarda kerakli qoida va jarayonlarni amalga oshiradi. Аxborot texnologiyalari mutaxassislari VLAN ga tegishli nom bilan tarmoqni funktsiyasini tezda aniqlashadi.
Har bir VLAN tarmoqda qaysidir bir IP tarmoqqa tegishli bo`ladi. VLAN ni loyihalashda tarmoq adreslashining ierarxik tizimini amalga oshirishni inobatga olish lozim. Ierarxik adreslash degenda tarmoqni to`liq ishlashida VLAN tarmog`i yoki IP tarmoqning segmentlarini tartibli berilgan raqamlanishi tushiniladi.
Vlan tarmoqlari asosan 2 xil diapazoda bo`ladi:
Standart – 1 dan 1005 gacha
Kengaytirilgan – 1006 dan 4094 gacha
Kommutator portlari VlAN 1 ga oldindan biriktirilgan bo`ladi (default vlan, native vlan = 1)
5.1-rasm. VLAN 1 ga biriktirilgan portlar ro‗yxati
1 topshiriq bo`yicha laboratoriya ishini bajarish tartibi
5.2-rasmda ko`rsatilgan topologiya bo`yicha Sw1, Sw2 kommutatorlar uchun asosiy konfiguratsiyalarni sozlang.
5.2-rasm. VLAN tarmog`i asosida tuzilgan tarmoq topologiyasi
5.1-jadval
Qurilma
|
IP-manzil
|
Gateway
|
VLAN ID
|
Interface
|
Port rejimlari
|
Laptop0
|
192.168.10.1
|
192.168.10.254
|
vlan 10
|
Fa0/1
|
Access
|
Laptop1
|
192.168.10.2
|
192.168.10.254
|
vlan 10
|
Fa0/2
|
Access
|
Laptop2
|
192.168.30.1
|
192.168.30.254
|
vlan 30
|
Fa0/5
|
Access
|
Laptop3
|
192.168.30.2
|
192.168.30.254
|
vlan 30
|
Fa0/6
|
Access
|
Laptop4
|
192.168.20.1
|
192.168.20.254
|
vlan 20
|
Fa0/3
|
Access
|
Laptop5
|
192.168.20.2
|
192.168.20.254
|
vlan 20
|
Fa0/4
|
Access
|
Laptop6
|
192.168.10.3
|
192.168.10.254
|
vlan 10
|
Fa0/1
|
Access
|
Laptop7
|
192.168.10.4
|
192.168.10.254
|
vlan 10
|
Fa0/2
|
Access
|
Laptop8
|
192.168.20.3
|
192.168.20.254
|
vlan 20
|
Fa0/3
|
Access
|
Laptop9
|
192.168.20.4
|
192.168.20.254
|
vlan 20
|
Fa0/4
|
Access
|
Laptop10
|
192.168.30.3
|
192.168.30.254
|
vlan 30
|
Fa0/5
|
Access
|
Laptop11
|
192.168.30.4
|
192.168.30.254
|
vlan 30
|
Fa0/6
|
Access
|
SW1
|
-
|
-
|
Vlan 10,20,30
|
Fa0/7
|
Trunk
|
SW2
|
-
|
-
|
Vlan 10,20,30
|
Fa0/7
|
Trunk
|
Sw1 va Sw2 kommutatorlarda VLAN (10, 20, 30) yaratish va unga mos ravishda nom berilishi (bugalteriya, student, dekanat).
Switch>enable Switch#conf terminal
Switch(config)#hostname Sw1 Sw1(config)#vlan 10
Sw1(config-vlan)#name bugalteriya Sw1(config-vlan)#exit
Sw1(config)#vlan 20 Sw1(config-vlan)#name student Sw1(config-vlan)#exit Sw1(config)#vlan 30 Sw1(config-vlan)#name dekanat Sw1(config-vlan)#exit Switch>enable
Switch#conf terminal Switch(config)#hostname Sw2 Sw2(config)#vlan 10
Sw2(config-vlan)#name bugalteriya Sw2(config-vlan)#exit Sw2(config)#vlan 20
Sw2(config-vlan)#name student Sw2(config-vlan)#exit Sw2(config)#vlan 30 Sw2(config-vlan)#name dekanat Sw2(config-vlan)#exit
Switch da yaratilgan Vlanlarni ko`rish
Kommutator portlarini Vlan ID larga biriktirish
Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Sw1(config-if)#exit Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2 Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3 Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Sw1(config-if)#exit Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4
Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Sw1(config-if)#exit Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5 Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30 Sw1(config-if)#exit Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/6 Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30 Sw1(config-if)#exit Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 Sw2(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 Sw2(config-if)#exit Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2 Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3 Sw2(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Sw2(config-if)#exit Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4 Sw2(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 Sw2(config-if)#exit Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5 Sw2(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30 Sw2(config-if)#exit Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/6 Sw2(config-if)#switchport mode access Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30 Sw2(config-if)#exit
Sw1 va Sw2 kommutatorlar o`rtasida trunk rejimini sozlash va magistral liniya bo`yicha aniq VLAN ID ta‘yinlash.
Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/7 Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Sw1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
Sw1(config-if)#end Sw1#show running-config
Yuqorida keltirilgan buyruq bitta kommutatorga sozlansa yetarli boladi, sababi 2 chi kommutator 1 chi kommutatorga ulangan interfeysini (fa0/7) avtomatik trank rejimini o`tkazadi
VLAN lar o„rtasida marshrutizatsiyani sozlash
Lokal tarmoqda yaratilgan VLAN lar o‗rtasida marshrutizatsiyani sozlashning 3 xil usuli mavjud:
Demonstrating the legacy inter-VLAN routing.
Router-on-a-Stick
Switch Based Inter Vlan Routing
Bu laboratoriya ishida VLAN lar o‗rtasida marshrutizatsiyani Router-on-a- stick (ROS) usulidan foydalanamiz.
5.3-rasm. VLAN o‗rtasida marshrutizatsiyalashning ROS usuli
Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/8 Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Router>enable Router#conf t
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1.10 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0 Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1.20 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0 Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1.30 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 30
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0 Router(config-subif)#exit
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